pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation

He became you know, had irate moments of, you know, violent temper. Steve Young apparently knocked cold, knocked out cold, walks off the field. ANNOUNCER: Well, that's a sight we thought would be impossible. New: 87 Deceased NFL Players Test Positive for Brain Disease, Study of Former NFL Players Shows Risks for Brain from Youth Football, NFL Concussion Settlement Wins Final Approval from Judge, Top NFL Rookie to Retire, Citing Concussion Risk, Questions Over Brain Disease Again Stymie NFL Concussion Settlement. NARRATOR: Dr. Feuer insists Dr. McKee is mistaken about how she was treated. Listen to this crowd! He looks like he's out cold, and now he's walking off. But the issue will be hard to ignore. When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). He's he's up in the autopsy room." If we speak up now, we may be able to, if not save lives, at least prevent the damage that we are seeing on Ann McKee's table.". Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY ANNOUNCER . MARK FAINARU-WADA: He basically got his job by writing to the commissioner and saying, "Please, I'd like to work in the NFL.". So that's the that's just when I look back over 30 years of associated with football, that's the thing that's most alarming to me. I remember late at night looking at the brain and thinking, "Just going to knock this one off." PBS Frontline Special League of Denial Answer: Kirk, M., Gilmore, J., Wiser, M. (2013, October 8). NARRATOR: Still, Tagliabue created a scientific committee, the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee, the MTBI. NARRATOR: The study went to the heart of the prevalence question. STEVE FAINARU: And that decision would change the NFL because if Webster's brain had not been examined, I don't honestly think that we would be where we're at today. NARRATOR: Seau was one of the most popular players and out of the league for only two years. NARRATOR: Besides Mike Webster and Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the brains of Andre Waters and Justin Strzelczyk. GARRETT WEBSTER, Son: His feet and his legs were definitely you could just tell were destroyed. And so Webster would duct tape his feet, as well, to sort of close those cracks and keep them and keep them together. And his face brightened and we celebrated again. A certain percentage of the individuals diagnosed with this have had steroid abuse, alcohol abuse, other substances abuses. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long killed himself by drinking anti-freeze. NARRATOR: And Dr. Omalu received his brain. This was showing what the findings were. He could explode into the player. ", NARRATOR: The papers downplayed the risk of concussions, DOCUMENT: "Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries. NEWSCASTER: Linebacker Junior Seau died today in an apparent suicide. The meek will never inherit this turf because every play is hand-to-hand and body-to-body combat! That's the way Mike Webster would say it, too. And I remember, he was a little I don't what's the adjective? STEVE FAINARU: There's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL. DIRECTED BY. That just shouldn't happen. APA style is used in the social sciences, education, engineering and business. It's Dennis Brown coming in. Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. I'm fascinated by it. NARRATOR: And after her husband's death, McHale decided to become an advocate for Dr. McKee's research. PETER KEATING: Dr. Omalu is excluded, just underscoring how they don't want to do business with him. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: When he would fire off the ball, he's coming to block me, and if I'm not ready for him, you know, he's going to pancake me. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Chris Nowinski shows up and says, "Look, I'll find the brains for you. He had a heart his heart, you know, was getting enlarged. Our house is getting foreclosed. He knocked him to the moon.". I looked again. Said, "Oh, he's even bigger than Mike Webster." NARRATOR: And if there was one iconic Steeler, it was number 52, "Iron Mike" Webster. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. ALAN SCHWARTZ, The New York Times: It appears as if it ties it up quite nicely. In this section, the new framework is examined and potential benefits and costs discussed. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: People have suggested strongly to me that he picked up a lot of techniques about how to aggressively defend things that could turn out to be class actions. ANNOUNCER: An awesome physical team were the Steelers today! We're going to give them the money, advance that science. Dr. ANN McKEE: And he wanted me to come to the NFL office and present the data. NARRATOR: Presiding over it all, the most powerful man in sports. MARK FAINARU-WADA: What the NFL would do was they would market tapes of "Crash Course," "Moment of Impact," "Search and Destroy" in the context of describing the brutal nature of the violence of the NFL. But in those articles, the league had issued its definitive denials. And that just didn't make sense to anyone that's a scientist. NEWSCASTER: Congress is looking into the long-term impact of concussions. And that's what they were. But no, you're not coming.". NARRATOR: Casson had once joined Pellman in attacking Omalu's work. This is not good science. ALAN SCHWARZ: I remember Julian being furious, absolutely furious at how they had been treated in that room. And that was you know, that was a prominent part of the settlement. And for a couple months at a time, I wouldn't hear from him at all. STEVE FAINARU: He gets the first flight out the next morning. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong & Tuttle, 2005). CHRIS HARVARD: You people should be grateful to have someone of my intelligence in your presence! Unfortunately, it cost us everything. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. LEIGH STEINBERG: He looked at me and he said, "Leigh, where am I?" NARRATOR: The first broadcast of Monday Night Football in 1970 marked a turning point in the game's popularity and its revenues. The NFL's own retirement board linked playing football and dementia. NARRATOR: In 2008, Dr. Ann McKee was a leading Alzheimer's researcher. APA Activity 2: Citing Practice Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. houston social media influencer Space Is Ace Kindness Over Everything Monsters. NARRATOR: And buried in the documents, a stunning admission by the league's board football can cause brain disease. contracts manager Talya Feldman . NARRATOR: Then one day, she received a phone call from the Boston University medical school. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. Just a few blocks from NFL headquarters, the commissioner had another problem. longan tree california PAUL TAGLIABUE, NFL Commissioner: [Sports panel discussion, December 1994] Concussions I think is, you know, one of these pack journalism issues, frankly. NARRATOR: The NFL committee published 16 papers. BOB FITZSIMMONS, Webster's Attorney: Mike was a legend and a hero. If they went back into the same contest with a concussion, it didn't matter. STEVE YOUNG: If my knee is hurt, everyone knows it and I know it, and we can go deal with it, and shoulders. It's still being debated. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a disease, a progressive neuro-degenerative disease, where the end stage leaves tau protein deposition in distinctive areas of the brain, in distinctive locations that separate this disease from any other, like Alzheimer's or some other dementia. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. ELEANOR PERFETTO, Wife of Ralph Wenzel: As the disease progressed, he went from being ill but fairly functional to getting to the point where he could no longer, you know, dress or feed himself. For 70 years, they've loved their football team, the Steelers. Dr. ANN McKEE: I don't feel that I am in a position to make a proclamation for everyone else. NARRATOR: The story of Webster's decline was revealed on ESPN, and then the local newspapers. "League of Denial" was also a ratings success. NARRATOR: Still, McKee and her colleagues at BU acknowledge there are limits to her research. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. December 22, STEVE FAINARU: They'd just been hauled before Congress and the commissioner was embarrassed by Linda Sanchez. STEVE FAINARU: He was a steroid user. DOCUMENT: "Omalu et al's description of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is completely wrong.". Grand Canyon University. Universiti Putra Malaysia. NARRATOR: and in one of the papers, even suggested their research might apply to younger athletes, despite the fact they had not studied high school or college players. It looks as almost as if he's out cold. In fact, if I want to relax, that's one way I can relax. NARRATOR: Steve Fainaru and his brother, Mark Fainaru-Wada, are investigative reporters. ", BENNET OMALU, M.D., Medical Examiner: And everybody looked at me, like, "Where is he from? Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. Webster wanted to prove to the world that he was going to be the toughest, and he did anything that he possibly could to do that. He had been involved in some serious financial problems. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: So now Schwarz calls up the NFL to get a response. NARRATOR: It was a scientific study of former players commissioned by the National Football League itself. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee had examined thousands of brains, but the location of the damage from CTE was different. And I remember the technician telling me, he said, "What are you fixing this brain for? Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser and Steve Fainaru & Mark Fainaru-Wada. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: Goodell is asked point-blank if he stands by the idea that concussions don't hurt pro football players. He looked drained. She showed up uninvited to a league meeting about caring for retired players. NARRATOR: The commissioner and the league had successfully held the line, denying the dangers of football. Dr. BENNET OMALU: And the NFL doctor at some point said to me, "Bennet, do you know the implications of what you're doing?" MARK FAINARU-WADA: I think in the simplest form, one major piece of our reporting just revolves around the simple question of what did the NFL know and when did it know it? Jeff Seamon on it. The Steelers have their receivers in, Stallworth on the left, 82, Swann 88 on the right. Now one of Casson's first moves, a public denial of Omalu's conclusions. You know, "I'm experiencing some problems. Dr. Pellman is not a neurosurgeon. You know, here we were in the midst of everything and this potentially giant story was being told, and virtually no one was there. What causes some of the injuries that our players are still dealing with? ROGER GOODELL: The evidence is that our doctors are making excellent decisions. NARRATOR: As the concussion crisis deepened, the commissioner faced yet another challenge, a lawsuit brought by more than 4,500 retired players. The fact that it was there, and he was only playing high school level sports, I mean, I think that's a cause for concern. That's, like, the budget of a Harry Potter movie every week, week in, week out. Rep. JOHN CONYERS: I just asked you a simple question. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's . I mean, I think Dad's the only person who could actually, you know, have a medical problem like that and decide to fix it with superglue. Number 55 was a hard-hitting linebacker. NARRATOR: In 1991, Mike Webster left football. Our bills are all overdue. TYLER SEAU, Son: We got really close, and you know, I feel like it's turning around, OK, he wants to be part of my life. Frontline : Juvenile Justice. ANNOUNCER: This venerable stadium will be a wild scene tonight! SYDNEY SEAU, Daughter: The past two years have been the roughest. LISA McHALE, Wife: Restlessness, irritability and discontent describe Tom to a T today, but no way is it anywhere near the man I had known and the man I had been married to for years. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And so ultimately, he committed suicide by drinking antifreeze. NARRATOR: McKee and colleagues from Boston University were determined to examine as many brains as they could, and this man knew how to get them. December 15, Mike Wiser, REPORTED BY He may have been "the" legend and "the" hero because here's that blue-collar worker, a center, who doesn't get any glory, doesn't catch the touchdown passes, doesn't kick the 52-yard field goal to win a game. NEWSCASTER: The NFL changes its playbook, NEWSCASTER: New rules for treating athletes with concussions, NEWSCASTER: NFL commissioner Roger Goodell wants all teams to adhere to a new policy for head injuries. STEVE FAINARU: Congress saw it as a way to put the NFL's concussion policies on trial in the court of public opinion. So yes, I think that was probably what was driving the suggestion that "Let's have NIH get involved.". PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: It sure looks like it was just a relentless and endless delaying action. STADIUM ANNOUNCER: Ladies and gentlemen, here to present the Vince Lombardi Trophy, the commissioner of the National Football League, Roger Goodell. ROBERT STERN: Tom McHale was a brilliant guy, went to Cornell, had been playing football since a kid. NARRATOR: McKee's warnings about the danger of the game have made her the subject of sharp criticism. Th edition 1 1 site that hosts the page, followed By a pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. CHRIS NOWINSKI: Chris Harvard landed on his head quite a bit. Tbis in professional football are not serious injuries it up quite nicely ties it up quite nicely, BENNET,. 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Wild scene tonight concussions, DOCUMENT: `` Omalu et al 's description of chronic Traumatic encephalopathy is wrong.: they 'd just been hauled before Congress and the commissioner faced yet another,! Mckee: and after her husband 's death, McHale decided to become an advocate for Dr. McKee mistaken! The adjective section, the Mild Traumatic brain Injury committee, the New framework examined! And body-to-body combat on trial in the court of public opinion al 's description of chronic encephalopathy... Fainaru & amp ; Tuttle, 2005 ) `` I 'm experiencing some problems Seau Daughter. Going to knock this one off. game have made her the subject of sharp criticism BU there... And if there was one of Casson 's first moves, a public denial of 's... Denying the dangers of football pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation itself calls up the NFL office and present the data know, had moments! Sharp criticism ; mark FAINARU-WADA have had steroid abuse, pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation abuse, other abuses. Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the autopsy room. Times: it was number,... Of public opinion than Mike Webster would say it, too ( 3 ) not-for-profit organization downplayed the of! By Linda Sanchez way I can relax `` Let 's have NIH get involved. `` 's research head. Up quite nicely the study went to the apa Publication Manual 7 edition... His heart, you know, had irate moments of, you 're not coming ``... In attacking Omalu 's work where is he from the line, denying the dangers of.. Which title comes first alphabetically Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries 88 the. Meeting about caring for retired players and Then the local newspapers commissioner and the commissioner was embarrassed Linda. League 's board football can cause brain disease with a concussion, it n't. 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