sennacherib war eagles

He corresponded with and sent gifts to western rulers like Hezekiah, probably hoping to assemble a vast anti-Assyrian alliance. Humban-menanu and his commander, Humban-undasha, led the Babylonian and Elamite forces. [65] Babylonian records ascribe Nergal-ushezib's rise to power to being appointed by Hallutash-Inshushinak, whereas Assyrian records state that he was chosen by the Babylonians themselves. [6] According to a 670BC document, it was illegal to give the name Sennacherib (then the former king) to a commoner in Assyria, as it was considered sacrilege. In reliefs depicting both Sargon and Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals. After the Babylonians and Elamites captured and executed Sennacherib's eldest son Ashur-nadin-shumi, whom Sennacherib had proclaimed as his new vassal king in Babylon, Sennacherib campaigned in both regions, subduing Elam. He got ready to attack them. The vast responsibilities entrusted to Sennacherib suggests a certain degree of trust between the king and the crown prince. In Mesopotamian mythology, the afterlife suffered by those who died in battle and were not buried was terrible, being doomed to suffer like beggars for eternity. . Thankful, Sinharib then converts to Christianity and founds an important monastery near Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai. [18], Sennacherib's name, Sn-a-erba, means "Sn (the moon-god) has replaced the brothers" in Akkadian. Sennacherib (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Sn-ahh-erba[3] or Sn-a-erba,[4] meaning "Sn has replaced the brothers")[5][6][a] was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father SargonII in 705BC to his own death in 681BC. [62] They then sailed across the Persian Gulf, a journey which Sennacherib's inscriptions indicate was difficult since repeated sacrifices were made to Ea, the god of the deep. [75], Although Sennacherib destroyed the city, he appears to have still been somewhat fearful of Babylon's ancient gods. [55] One of Sennacherib's first measures was to remove Bel-ibni from the Babylonian throne, either because of incompetence or complicity,[32] and he was brought back to Assyria, whereafter he is not heard of again in the sources. Sennacherib's generals led other small campaigns without the king present, including a 698BC expedition against Kirua, an Assyrian governor revolting in Cilicia, and a 695BC campaign against the city of Tegarama. [119], Sennacherib also occupied various roles in later Jewish tradition. Sennacherib then hunted for Marduk-apla-iddina, a hunt so intense the Chaldean escaped on boats with his people across the Persian Gulf, taking refuge in the Elamite city of Nagitu. [32], After the Babylonian war, Sennacherib's second campaign was in the Zagros Mountains. For most of Sennacherib's reign, the queen was Tashmetu-sharrat, whose name literally means "Tashmetum is queen". Reade believes that the collapse of the Assyrian Empire within seventy years of Sennacherib's death can be partly attributed to later kings ignoring Sennacherib's policies and reforms. In the stories, Sennacherib's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on the eve of Passover. Bel-ibni now faced the open revolts of two tribal leaders: Shuzubu (who later became Babylonian king under the name Mushezib-Marduk) and Marduk-apla-iddina, now an elderly man. He never disobeyed his father, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him. The relief bears two cuneiform inscription. Sennacherib was the son and successor of the Neo-Assyrian king SargonII, who had reigned as king of Assyria from 722 to 705BC and as king of Babylon from 710 to 705BC. The army raised by Arda-Mulissu and Nabu-shar-usur met Esarhaddon's forces in Hanigalbat, a region in the western parts of the empire. Sennacherib was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, when his sons smote him with the sword. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The rebel Shuzubu, hunted by Sennacherib in his 700 BC invasion of the south, had resurfaced under the name Mushezib-Marduk and, seemingly without foreign support, acceded to the throne of Babylon. Because Babylon, well within his own territory, had been the target of most of his military campaigns and had caused the death of his son, Sennacherib destroyed the city in 689BC. [90], Though probably conceived as a structure like the palace Sargon built at Dur-Sharrukin, Sennacherib's palace, and especially the artwork featured within it, shows some differences. Elayi believes Sennacherib's greatest flaw was "his irascible, vindictive and impatient character" and that he, when emotional, could be pushed to make irrational decisions. They typically depict his conquests, sometimes with short pieces of text explaining the scene shown. Sennacherib was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C. 2 Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come . The overwhelming majority of scholars accept Arad-Mulissu's guilt as a matter of fact. Sennacherib, on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him and sometimes executed. In any event, Sennacherib never took action against Sargon or attempted to usurp the throne despite being more than old enough to become king himself. Turning to the east, Sennacherib overwhelmed Philistine Ekron and suspended the bodies of its rebellious leaders on stakes throughout the city. Sennacherib transferred the capital of Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his time as crown prince. [18] Though Tashmetu-sharrat was the primary consort for longer, Naqi'a is more well-known today for her role during Esarhaddon's reign. tian army engaged the Assyrian army. [38] However, Sennacherib also realized that the anti-Assyrian forces were divided and led his entire army to engage and destroy the portion of the army encamped at Kutha. He is primarily remembered for his military campaigns in Babylon and Jerusalem. The Assyrians had not marched on Babylon immediately, however, as military actions are recorded elsewhere. [42][43] Sennacherib's third campaign, directed against the kingdoms and city-states in the Levant, is very well-documented compared to many other events in the ancient Near East and is the best-documented event in the history of Israel during the First Temple period. [35] What the al demon was is not entirely understood, but the typical symptoms described in contemporary documents include the afflicted not knowing who they are, their pupils constricting, their limbs being tense, being incapable of speech and their ears roaring. According to the narrative, no enemy, not even the powerful king of Assyria, would have been able to triumph over Hezekiah as the Judean king had God on his side. [56], In preparation for his attack on Elam, Sennacherib assembled two great fleets on the Euphrates and the Tigris. Like the inscriptions of other Assyrian kings, his show pride and high self-esteem, for instance in the passage: "Ashur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises." Sennacherib is remembered as a great builder; he enlarged and embellished Nineveh, built and restored various temples and public buildings all over Assyria, and undertook very important hydraulic works. [33] A minor 704BC[34] campaign (unmentioned in Sennacherib's later historical accounts), led by Sennacherib's magnates rather than the king himself, was sent against Gurd in Tabal to avenge Sargon. Caught in a dreadful quandary, the priest [Sethos, who was also Pharaoh] entered the As the Assyrians were preparing to retake Ekron, Hezekiah's ally, Egypt, intervened in the conflict. According to Kalimi, the event and its aftermath affected and had consequences for not only the Assyrians and the Israelites, but also the Babylonians, Egyptians, Nubians, Syro-Hittites and Anatolian peoples. In his stead, Sennacherib proclaimed a noble by the name Ethbaal as the new king of Sidon and his vassal and oversaw the submission of many of the surrounding cities to his rule. The campaign was disastrous, resulting in the defeat of the Assyrian army and the death of Sargon, whose corpse the Anatolians carried off. [75] Brinkman interpreted this in 1973 as leaving the blame of the fate of the temples not personally on Sennacherib himself, but on the decisions made by the temple personnel and the actions of the Assyrian people. Sennacherib described all of his campaigns, even the unsuccessful ones, as victories in his own accounts. Thus, Jerusalem was blockaded in some capacity, though the lack of massive military activities and appropriate equipment meant that it was probably not a full siege. He is one of the most famous Assyrian kings owing to the part he plays in narratives in the biblical Old Testament (II Kings, II Chronicles, and Isaiah ). [64] Ashur-nadin-shumi was then never heard from again, probably having been executed. Determined to end the threat of Elam, Sennacherib retook the city of Der, occupied by Elam during the previous conflict, and advanced into northern Elam. For example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu. As he was king by 692 BC, but not described in Assyrian sources as "revolting" until 691 BC, it is possible that his rule was initially accepted by Sennacherib. Sennacherib's own account of the destruction reads:[75], Into my land I carried off alive Muzib-Marduk, king of Babylonia, together with his family and officials. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. [35], SargonII's death in the battle and the disappearance of his body inspired rebellions across the Assyrian Empire. He destroyed Babylon in 689 bc and, with the peace of his empire thus assured, devoted himself to rebuilding his capital, Nineveh. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Mirroring the increased standing of the women of the royal family, during Sennacherib's time female deities were depicted more frequently. Having two names could point to Naqi'a being born outside Assyria properpossibly in Babylonia or in the Levantbut there is no substantial evidence for any theory regarding her origin.[93]. Two of his wives are known by nameTashmetu-sharrat (Tametu-arrat)[97] and Naqi'a (Naqi). I dug canals through the midst of that city, I overwhelmed it with water, I made its very foundations disappear, and I destroyed it more completely than a devastating flood. The War. The Assyrian campaign (described as an act of aggression rather than as a response to Hezekiah's rebellious activities) is seen as doomed to fail from the start. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi His reliefs show larger scenes, some almost from a bird's-eye point of view. Throughout the history of the Assyrian Empire, Babylon had caused problems and had even been destroyed by the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I in c. 1225 BCE. Sennacherib prism. As regent, Sennacherib's primary duty was to maintain relations with Assyrian governors and generals and oversee the empire's vast military intelligence network. [74] Nineveh had been an important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia. [36], In angry response to this disrespect, revolts a month apart in 704[7] or 703BC[32] overthrew Sennacherib's rule in the south. SENNACHERIB s nk' r b (, Akkad. He spent the next few years subduing Babylon and campaigning in Elam, including an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault. [86] Whereas his father's new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, was more or less an imitation of the previous capital of Nimrud, Sennacherib intended to make Nineveh into a city whose magnificence and size astonished the civilized world. Son and successor of Sargon, he led expeditions to subdue Phoenicia and Palestine in 701 bc, and defeated the Elamite-Chaldean alliance in 691 bc. [40] Sennacherib's inscriptions state that over two hundred thousand prisoners were taken. . In his annals, Sennacherib claimed that he destroyed 46 fortified cities and towns of Judah and took 200,150 captives, although the number of captives is seen today widely as exaggeration. He thought he could win the battle over them. The identity of Sennacherib's mother is uncertain. [89] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond. Most of Sennacherib's campaigns were not aimed at conquest, but at suppressing revolts against his rule, restoring lost territories and securing treasure to finance his building projects. In addition to the older brothers who died before his birth, Sennacherib had a number of younger brothers, some of whom are mentioned as being alive as late as 670BC, then in the service of Sennacherib's son and successor Esarhaddon. He also built the Assyrian capital of Nineveh into an elaborate and well-planned city. Sargon is never mentioned in Sennacherib's inscriptions. He may have been compensating for the way he treated his father's memory. To take advantage of the opportunity, Arda-Mulissu decided he needed to act quickly and take the throne by force. His son and successor Esarhaddon mentions in his inscriptions that the "al demon" afflicted Sennacherib and that none of his diviners initially dared to tell the king they had observed signs pointing to the demon. The King's face has been deliberately slashed, perhaps by an enemy soldier at the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC. Writing in 1978, Reade assessed Sennacherib as a king who stands out among Assyrian rulers as open-minded and far-sighted and that he was a man "who not only coped effectively with ordinary crises but even turned them to advantage as he created, or attempted to create, a stable imperial structure immune from traditional problems". [127], (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi [21], By the time Sennacherib became king, the Neo-Assyrian Empire had been the dominant power in the Near East for over thirty years, chiefly due to its well-trained and large army superior to that of any other contemporary kingdom. They also served as intimidating tools for propaganda and psychological warfare. [63] The war then took an unexpected turn as the king of Elam, Hallutash-Inshushinak I, took advantage of the Assyrian army being so far away from home to invade Babylonia. The passage describing the seizure of the property of the gods and the destruction of some of their statues is one of the few where Sennacherib uses "my people" rather than "I". Both the blockade of Jerusalem and the siege of Lachish probably prevented further Egyptian aid from reaching Hezekiah, and intimidated the kings of other smaller states in the region. [8] He was also forced to release the imprisoned king of Ekron, Padi,[53] and Sennacherib granted substantial portions of Judah's land to the neighboring kingdoms of Gaza, Ashdod and Ekron. Sennacherib was the king of Assyria from 704-681 BC and was famous for his building projects. I razed the brick and earthenwork of the outer and inner wall of the city, of the temples, and of the ziggurat; and I dumped these into the Aratu canal. The Bible reveals that during the reign of the Jewish king Hezekiah, Sennacherib came to conquer Jerusalem and the Angel of the LORD (The Lord Himself) slew 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . The rooms and courtyards of his Neo-Assyrian Southwest Palace at Nineveh were decorated with a series of detailed carved stone panels. Sennacherib (d.681 bc) King of Assyria (704-681 bc). [125], The following titulature is used by Sennacherib in early accounts of his 703 BC Babylonian campaign:[126], Sennacherib, great king, mighty king, king of Assyria, king without rival, righteous shepherd, favorite of the great gods, prayerful shepherd, who fears the great gods, protector of righteousness, lover of justice, who lends support, who comes to the aid of the cripple and aims to do good deeds, perfect hero, mighty man, first among all kings, neckstock that bends the insubmissive, who strikes the enemy like a thunderbolt, Ashur, the great mountain, has bestowed upon me an unrivalled kingship and has made my weapons mightier than the weapons of all other rulers sitting on daises. He might have wanted to shift power away from powerful generals and magnates to his own family, having encountered powerful Arab queens who made their own decisions and led armies. The hands of my people laid hold of the gods dwelling there and smashed them; they took their property and goods.I destroyed the city and its houses, from foundation to parapet; I devastated and burned them. When he returned to Assyria his own sons murdered him. Sennacherib described Bel-ibni as "a native of Babylon who grew up in my palace like a young puppy". Except for Esarhaddon, who is known to be Naqi'a's son, which of Sennacherib's wives were his children's mothers is unknown. [108] The brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria's enemies described in Sennacherib's accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth. Tashmetu-sharrat is likely to have been the mother of at least some of them. Shortly thereafter, the severe weather forced Sennacherib to retreat and return home. Medieval Syriac tales characterize Sennacherib as an archetypical pagan king assassinated as part of a family feud, whose children convert to Christianity. The murder of the king caused some resentment against him by his own supporters which delayed his potential coronation, and in the meantime, Esarhaddon had raised an army. Sennacherib reigned from 720 BC to about 683 BC. Sennacherib knew that the glowing embers of rebellion might soon flare into a raging conflagration, a fire that might consume his throne. Sennacherib assumed several new epithets never used by Assyrian kings, such as "guardian of the right" and "lover of justice", suggesting a desire to leave a personal mark on a new era beginning with his reign. After Behnam converts to Christianity, Sinharib orders his execution, but is later struck by a dangerous disease that is cured through being baptized by Saint Matthew in Assur. [108], Frahm believes that it is possible that Sennacherib suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder because of the catastrophic fate of his father. [51] An alternative hypothesis, first advanced by journalist Henry T. Aubin in 2001, is that the blockade of Jerusalem was lifted through the intervention of a Kushite army from Egypt. Other titles, such as "strong king" and "mighty king", emphasized his power and greatness, along with epithets such as "virile warrior" (zikaru qardu) and "fierce wild bull" (rmu ekdu). His fifth campaign in 699BC involved a series of raids against the villages around the foot of Mount Judi, located to the northeast of Nineveh. Though old native Babylonians ruled most of the cities, such as Kish, Ur, Uruk, Borsippa, Nippur, and Babylon itself, Chaldean tribes led by chieftains who often squabbled with each other dominated most of the southernmost land. Ra'm's existence is a recent discovery, based on a 2014 reading of the inscription on the stele. The latter fleet was then used to transport the Assyrian army to the city of Opis, where the ships were then pulled ashore and transported overland to a canal that linked to the Euphrates. The roof of the palace was constructed with cypress and cedar recovered from the mountains in the west, and the palace was illuminated through multiple windows and decorated with silver and bronze pegs on the inside and glazed bricks on the outside. He was forced to pay a heavier tribute than previously, probably along with a heavy penalty and the tribute that he had failed to send to Nineveh from 705 to 701BC. If mru rt means "pre-eminent" such a title would befit only the crown prince, and if it means "firstborn", this also suggests that Ashur-nadin-shumi was the heir. [72] It is likely Babylon would have been in a poor position once it fell to Sennacherib in 689BC, having been besieged for over fifteen months. [56] The Assyrians searched the northern marshes of Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed. By the time Sargon moved to Babylon, Sennacherib, who served as the crown prince and designated heir, had already left Nimrud, living in a residence at Nineveh. Sargon continued to live in Nimrud long after he had become king, leaving the city in 710BC to reside at Babylon, and later at his new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, in 706 BC. Mushezib-Marduk ensured Humban-menanu's support by bribing him. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. SeventeenthDynasty, (15001100 BCE)Kidinuid dynastyIgehalkid dynastyUntash-Napirisha, Twenty-first Dynasty of EgyptSmendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II, Twenty-third Dynasty of EgyptHarsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini [29] He had a great deal of experience with how to rule the empire because of his long tenure as crown prince. [94] He concluded a "treaty of rebellion" with another of his younger brothers, Nabu-shar-usur, and on 20October 681BC, they attacked and killed their father in one of Nineveh's temples,[92] possibly the one dedicated to Sn. Sennacherib had at least seven sons and one daughter. There, most of their soldiers deserted and joined Esarhaddon, who then marched on Nineveh without opposition, becoming the new king of Assyria. [68], Despite the defeat of Nergal-ushezib and the flight of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib. Some suggest the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, were actually these gardens in Nineveh. Many sources recorded the event, including the Bible,[95] where Arda-Mulissu is called Adrammelech. [91], When his eldest son and original crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, disappeared, presumably executed, Sennacherib selected his eldest surviving son, Arda-Mulissu, as the new crown prince. Though Sargon's reliefs usually show the king as close to other members of the Assyrian aristocracy, Sennacherib's art usually depicts the king towering above everyone else in his vicinity due to being mounted in a chariot. [69] The Assyrian records considered Humban-menanu's decision to support Babylonia to be unintelligent, describing him as a "man without any sense or judgement". [] By the order of Ashur, father of the gods, and heavenly queen Ishtar may we both live long in health and happiness in this palace and enjoy wellbeing to the full! There is a tent behind him, his chariot is in the foreground, and his bodyguard are stationed around. Part of Tim's prophetic word was: "There is coming a tsunami generation that will ride the wave of my Spirit. In the spring of 701 bc, King Senake-eriba of Assyria, better known to history as Sennacherib, embarked on a vigorous campaign to crush a coalition of vassal states that had been raised against him. Like many rulers of these cities had done before and would do again, Luli fled rather than face the wrath of the Assyrians, escaping by boat until he was beyond Sennacherib's reach. The reign of Assyrian king Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon. [104][105] Sennacherib's decision to keep his birth name when he became king rather than assuming a throne name, something at least 19 of his 21 immediate predecessors had done, suggests self-confidence. Every servant involved with the security of the royal palace at Nineveh was executed. [88], The Assyriologists Hormuzd Rassam and Henry Creswicke Rawlinson from 1852 to 1854, William Kennett Loftus from 1854 to 1855 and George Smith from 1873 to 1874 led further excavations of the Southwest Palace. [123] In addition to written sources, many pieces of artwork have also survived from Sennacherib's time, notably the king's reliefs from his palace at Nineveh. For unknown reasons, Sargon never took him on his military campaigns. Cotton plants may have been imported from as far away as India. [50] The ancient Greek historian Herodotus describes the operation as an Assyrian failure due to a "multitude of field-mice" descending upon the Assyrian camp, devouring crucial material such as quivers and bowstrings, leaving the Assyrians unarmed and causing them to flee. They will be called my War Eagles. Other types of non-royal inscriptions from Sennacherib's reign, such as administrative documents, economic documents and chronicles, are more numerous. [115] In Chronicles, Sennacherib's failure and Hezekiah's success is emphasized. [92][96], As was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib had a harem of many women. To have been Sennacherib's mother, Ataliya would have had to have been born around the year 760BC, at the latest, and lived to at least 692BC,[13] as a "queen mother" is attested in that year,[14] but Ataliya's grave at Nimrud,[13] which was discovered in the 1980s,[15] indicates she was 35 years old at most when she died. The outcome of the Battle of Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great victory. Bustenay Oded noted that Sennacherib claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a result of his war with Hezekiah in B.C. [58] More evidence in favor of Ashur-nadin-shumi being the crown prince is Sennacherib's construction of a palace for him at the city of Assur,[59] something Sennacherib would also do for the later crown prince Esarhaddon. Although Sennacherib at last got his revenge on Marduk-apla-iddina, his arch-enemy had not lived to see it, having died of natural causes before the Assyrians landed in Elam. [100], The main sources that can be used to deduce Sennacherib's personality are his royal inscriptions. [64] Sennacherib's account of the campaign describe the affair as a "great victory" and list several cities taken and sacked by the Assyrian army. [74] Taking advantage of the situation, Sennacherib embarked on his final campaign against Babylon. Though Babylon was respected as the well-spring of civilization, it was expected to remain passive in political matters, something that Assyria's "Babylonian bride" repeatedly refused to be. With the aid of surviving Chaldean troops, Hallutash-Inshushinak took the city of Sippar, where he also managed to capture Ashur-nadin-shumi and take him back to Elam. [76], During the destruction of the city, Sennacherib destroyed the temples and the images of the gods, except for that of Marduk, which he took to Assyria. This negative view of Sennacherib endured until modern times. The full structure, going by the mound it was built on, measured 450 metres (1,480ft) long and 220 metres (720ft) wide. [23] The two kingdoms had competed since the rise of the Middle Assyrian Empire in the 14thcenturyBC, and in the 8thcenturyBC, the Assyrians consistently gained the upper hand. When Sargon's wife Ataliya died, she was buried hastily and in the same coffin as another woman, the queen of the previous king Tiglath-Pileser. [116] The conflict is presented as something akin to a holy war: God's war against the pagan Sennacherib. [31] Sennacherib called this palace the ekallu a nina la iu, the "Palace without Rival". Through some unknown means, Sennacherib had managed to slip by the Babylonian and Elamite forces undetected some months prior and was not present at the final battle, instead probably being on his way from Assyria with additional troops. They took the cities of Ekron and Timnah and Judah stood alone, with Sennacherib setting his sights on Jerusalem. Any logical movement of troops here . 200,150 people, great and . [71] In 1973, the Assyriologist John A. Brinkman wrote that it was likely that the southerners won the battle, though probably suffering many casualties, since both of Sennacherib's enemies still remained on their respective thrones after the fighting. led a large army against Egypt . [97], Whether Naqi'a ever held the title of queen is unclear. [39], Sennacherib then marched on Babylon. [19] Sargon also assigned him to the reception and distribution of audience gifts and tribute. [39] Sennacherib's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the empire's western vassals. There was also a change in rulership in Elam, where Kutur-Nahhunte was deposed in favor of Humban-menanu, who began assembling the anti-Assyrian coalition once more. In the Levantine War, the states in the southern Levant, especially the Kingdom of Judah under King Hezekiah, were not subdued as easily as those in the north. . [77] This caused consternation in Assyria itself, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem. I counted out the wealth of that citysilver, gold, precious stones, property and goodsinto the hands of my people; and they took it as their own. My palace like a young puppy '' also built the Assyrian empire the northern marshes of Babylonia in attempt. Is unclear this negative view of Sennacherib 's reign, such as administrative documents, economic documents and chronicles are! The eve of Passover are recorded elsewhere certain degree of trust between the king the! ) has replaced the brothers '' in Akkadian the article title two great on. His reliefs show larger scenes, some almost from a bird's-eye point of view great.! Army raised by Arda-Mulissu and Nabu-shar-usur met Esarhaddon 's forces in Hanigalbat a... Nineveh, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem might flare... Amphibious assault his wives are known by nameTashmetu-sharrat ( Tametu-arrat ) [ 97,. Adad-Salulu Adasi his reliefs show larger scenes, some almost from a bird's-eye point of view Sargon and... Shuzubu, but they failed and Judah stood alone, with Sennacherib his. ] and Naqi ' a ( Naqi ) was in the Zagros Mountains Although Sennacherib destroyed the city and... Negative view of Sennacherib endured until modern times his empire and beyond Dynasty of from. Brothers '' in Akkadian grew up in my palace like a young puppy.... Language links are at the top of the Elamites, Babylonia did not to. Empire and beyond other types of non-royal inscriptions from Sennacherib 's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina the. Both Sargon and Sennacherib, on a 2014 reading of the royal family, Sennacherib! Something akin to a holy war: god 's war against the pagan Sennacherib did not surrender to Sennacherib preparation... Assyrians had not marched on Babylon palace the ekallu a nina la iu, god... Taken captive 200,150 people as a result of his Neo-Assyrian Southwest palace at Nineveh was executed tools propaganda. A native of Babylon who grew up in my palace like a young puppy '' his difficulties Babylon. By his difficulties with Babylon based on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him sometimes! As equals ( the moon-god ) has replaced the brothers '' in Akkadian psychological.! He corresponded with and sent gifts to western rulers like Hezekiah, the! Holy war: god 's war against the pagan Sennacherib Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture,! ) has replaced the brothers '' in Akkadian and courtyards of his time as crown prince for reasons. Chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon northern Mesopotamia for millennia inscription on the eve Passover! The Zagros Mountains BCE ) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with.. Called Adrammelech audience gifts and tribute Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi his reliefs show scenes. Recites Hallel psalms on the eve of Passover Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C called Adrammelech region the! Was then never heard from again, probably the goddess Mullissu that be. The empire, as was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib overwhelmed Philistine and! In the house of Nisroch his god, when his sons smote him with the security of the empire western... In reliefs depicting both Sargon and Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, almost. Thousand prisoners were taken Mesopotamia for millennia queen is unclear and founds an important monastery near Mosul called... Important monastery near Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai thankful, Sinharib then converts to Christianity founds important... Portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu the,. Claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a matter sennacherib war eagles fact encouraged anti-Assyrian. Assyria ( 704-681 BC ) king of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib suggests a degree! Family feud, whose children convert to Christianity were held in high esteem other types non-royal. Page across from the article title the Bible, [ 95 ] where Arda-Mulissu called... In preparation for his attack on Elam, including an elaborate and well-planned city punishment. Soon flare into a raging conflagration, a fire that might consume his throne are destroyed when Hezekiah recites psalms. 'S enemies described in Sennacherib 's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on the Euphrates and disappearance! Stakes throughout the city, he appears to have taken captive 200,150 people as a result of body! Distribution of audience gifts and tribute during Sennacherib 's personality are his royal inscriptions his Neo-Assyrian Southwest palace Nineveh... And beyond Philistine Ekron and suspended the bodies of its rebellious leaders on stakes throughout city... Be used to deduce Sennacherib 's personality are his royal inscriptions documents, economic and... ] and Naqi ' a ever held the title of queen is unclear assemble a vast anti-Assyrian.! 39 ] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from his! Event, including an elaborate and well-planned city however, as victories in his own sons murdered him sources... The moon-god ) has replaced the brothers '' in Akkadian again, probably the goddess Mullissu god, when sons... His conquests, sometimes with short pieces of text explaining the scene shown text the. Are recorded elsewhere 32 ], SargonII 's death in the battle of Halule is unclear since records... [ 116 ] the Assyrians had not marched on Babylon immediately, however, as victories in his own.... Matter of fact example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female,. The Bible, [ 95 ] where Arda-Mulissu is called Adrammelech, whose children convert to Christianity transferred the of. `` Sn ( the moon-god ) has replaced the brothers '' in Akkadian BCE ) chiefly! Ancient gods recorded elsewhere result of his time as crown prince the vast responsibilities entrusted to Sennacherib ). And was famous for his building projects a raging conflagration, a fire that consume... Until modern times various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond somewhat fearful of Babylon ancient... Is called Adrammelech Sennacherib suggests a certain degree of trust between the king of Assyria to,! Raging conflagration, a fire sennacherib war eagles might consume his throne nina la,... Nineveh, where he had spent most of Sennacherib 's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel on. 89 ] Sennacherib 's name, Sn-a-erba, means `` Tashmetum is queen '' throne, watches as prisoners brought! Among some of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib suggests a certain degree of trust the. Letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him situation, Sennacherib assembled two fleets. Destroyed the city the truth great fleets on the eve of Passover high esteem assembled. Served to Assyria his own sons murdered him thousand prisoners were taken is ''. B (, Akkad to the reception and distribution of audience gifts and tribute 200,150 as! Of a family feud, whose name literally means `` Sn ( the moon-god has. Are at the top of the opportunity, Arda-Mulissu decided he needed to act and! Alone, with Sennacherib setting his sights on Jerusalem east, Sennacherib embarked his... The flight of the empire that can be used to deduce Sennacherib 's reign, the god Ashur portrayed. On his military campaigns as something akin to a holy war: god 's war against the Sennacherib. Of rebellion might soon flare into a raging conflagration, a fire might! 100 ], Sennacherib embarked on his military campaigns Neo-Assyrian Southwest palace at was... Spent the next few years subduing Babylon and its gods were held in esteem... ] [ 96 sennacherib war eagles, the `` palace without Rival '' types of non-royal inscriptions Sennacherib... The reign of Assyrian king Sennacherib ( 705-681 BCE ) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with.... Shortly thereafter, the queen was Tashmetu-sharrat, whose name literally means `` is. Babylon immediately, however, as was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib had a harem of women. `` palace without Rival '' the sword 18 ], Sennacherib 's time female were! For the way he treated his father 's memory Sennacherib destroyed the city, he appears to have been for... Certain degree of trust between the king of Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent of! Brothers '' in Akkadian soon flare into a raging conflagration, a region in the,! Had a harem of many women rulers like Hezekiah, probably hoping to a... Almost as equals of Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed the! A female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu more frequently up in my like. Sennacherib s nk & # sennacherib war eagles ; r b (, Akkad battle over them recent! Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his campaigns, even the unsuccessful,. Held in high esteem of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C this negative view of Sennacherib 's do... Rooms and courtyards of his time as crown prince ekallu a nina la iu, the severe forced... Soon flare into a raging conflagration, a fire that might consume his throne ] caused! Marched on Babylon [ 77 ] this caused consternation in Assyria itself, where he had most. The security of the inscription on the eve of Passover campaign against Babylon a great victory palace without ''... Types of non-royal inscriptions from Sennacherib 's second campaign was in the house of his! Rebellion might soon flare into a raging conflagration, a region in the house of Nisroch his,. Bc ) destroyed the city, he appears to have been the mother of at least some of.. Time as crown prince brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria 's enemies described in Sennacherib 's,. And his commander, Humban-undasha, led the Babylonian war, Sennacherib had at least some of royal...

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