teenage rebellion in the 1970s

You know whats better than a bitter breakup song? This whole, massively fertile range of youth culture that evolved mainly out of Britain was, I think, part of the legacy of the Teds. 3. These fluid factors lead to behaviors that challenge authority, demonstrate independence, promote arguments and seek attention, among others. In the North teenagers were also changing our culture forever with an explosion of music, club culture and fashion. The Beatles' She's Leaving Home captures a moment in the late 1960s when thousands of young people fled their homes to live in Utopian communities. Lack of frontal lobe neural development in adolescents results in immature judgment and greater impulsivity. The civil rights and antiwar movements drew their energies from a youth revolt that began in the 1950s and blossomed in the 1960s and early 1970s. One of the biggest rock acts of the 70s, Aerosmiths first big hit was Dream On. William O'Neill theorized that Americans in the 1950s were so deeply affected by events such as World War II and the Cold War that the youth of the time were simply neglected and this led them to rebel. War unleashes primal emotions, however, and back in the US the authorities found themselves facing a wave of juvenile delinquency during 1943: whether the zoot suit riots in Los Angeles, the Detroit race riots, or the activities of Victory Girls "khaki-whacky" young women street gangs or thrill killers, American youth seemed to be going crazy. The website PYMCA.com (Photographic Youth Music Culture Archive) recently launched a cultural research section, which contains a uniquely extensive collection of images of youth culture, categorised by decade, as well as research texts from experts such as Ted Polhemus, author of the seminal Streetstyle: From Sidewalk to Catwalk. From rock'n'roll to warehouse raves, teenage culture has shaped society for half a century. In 1946, 3.4 million babies were born in the U.S., more in a year than ever before. The following songs were popular among teens in the 1970s; maybe because the themes were about love or rebellion. Temple University (2007). In her new book, psychologist Jean Twenge uses large-scale surveys to draw a . Ready for a Night Out - Teenagers on the Toon (1970/b&w/silent) At Kent State University in Ohio, students set fire to the ROTC building. Barry Ransome in The Castle, Old Kent Road 1976 Chris Steele-Perkins/ Magnum Photos. [13], A Cornell study from 2006 determined that teens are more likely to consider risk while making a decision, and for a longer period of time, than adults. Epstein alternatively contends that external factors notably "treating older and older people as children while also isolating them from adults and passing laws to restrict their behavior" are more likely responsible for the angst seen among many American teens. Teenage wildlife, left alone and uncared for by a world that - in the immortal words of many a teen - 'just doesn't understand', has always found sanctuary within the realm of cinema. (2018). He cited the Harmon Gym show as a prime example of what he called the morality gap at Berkeley. Its one of his biggest hits and quickly dominated the airwaves upon its release. As demonstrators hurled rocks and epithets at the troops, the Guardsmen panicked and opened fire, killing four students and wounding many others. site. Teens began to attend dances, make hair fads, and make clothing trends. Establishing itself in its own right at the end of the 1970s, the movement evolved throughout the 1980s. Let's take a trip down memory lane and revisit them. There is a considerable amount of media space devoted to generational nostalgia: wait for the imminent return of rave. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [300, 250], 'mpu3').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","mpu3").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); This has worked both for and against real-time teenagers: they may well have lost their exclusivity, but then the relationship between the generations is often easier than it was in the Sixties and Seventies. Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the lives of teenagers and young adults, such as coming of age, first love, rebellion, conflict with parents, teen angst, and alienation and other topics / issues in the personal and professional lives of teenagers & young adults.Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers. Bolsters self-confidence. His positions were frequently and forcefully expressed: pro-business, anti-regulation; pro-self-help (as in the the creative society idea a forerunner of Camerons big society), anti-state intervention; pro-the squeezed middle-aged, anti- the long-hairs, communists and war protesters who seemingly thronged the campus of Berkeley. As for music, parents believed the new trend of music, rock n roll, was currupting their children. For what it seemed to come down to was generational warfare what Derek Taylor, then the Beach Boys PR, called the whole rotten issue of the Old v the Young. It was a new type of music that parents didn't like or approve of. World War II had ended but the world felt far from safe, between the new war in Korea, frightening talk of the Communist menace, and the threat of nuclear war. It caused Britain to wake up in shock to the existence of the teenager, kicking off a moral panic that swept through the media and the middle-aged over feral youth and the teen menace. These teenagers had a new found purpose in life, and that was to enjoy their life and to be themselves. In the presence of peers or under conditions of emotional arousal, however, the socio-emotional network becomes sufficiently activated to diminish the regulatory effectiveness of the cognitive control network. For example, they might be jealous of parental focus on younger siblings. The concept of a distinct "youth culture" had begun to develop in the 1920s, but throughout the Great Depression and World War II, young Americans were expected to put aside any frivolous activities or unnecessary spending for the sake of the nation's well-being. How BeatleMania Came Exactly When the Teenage Generation Needed It Most. New York: Duke UP, 2007. Eventually, society realized that changes in manners, values, and styles were not simply a trend but a growing expression of teenage rebellion against what teens viewed as conservative ideals they disagreed with. Photograph: Lvenich/ullstein bild via Getty Images, Technological, but sensual and spiritual the Beach Boys. It was the era of sex, drugs and pop revolution, but also of anti-war protest and inner-city riots. The Teds were really first manifestation of that. And on his first days at the job he figured that he's gonna need something special to catch the attention of his pupils. This can lead to new cultural allegiances, in the search for a more enduring sense of meaning. (2010). The most famous was the Club A Go Go in Newcastle featuring gigs by the hottest new artists including Jimi Hendrix and The Animals. A rebel young man can be harmed by the whole famil y so Parenting teens is as much a rite of passage for you as it is for your teen. LikeHuckonFacebookorfollow us onTwitter. We will follow the story of how this rowdy first wave of rock and roll . Technically, SDS was the new name (adopted January 1, 1960) for the Student League for Industrial Democracy, whose own roots led back to the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, founded by the muckraking novelist Upton Sinclair in 1905. As Morris quoted an elderly acquaintance: Ill tell you what the trouble with the Beatles is: theyve got no respect., More than any other year thus far in that decade, it was the time when that increasingly assertive and visible youth culture collided with realpolitik. Makes a teen feel like a grown up. Retrieved from, Ebert, R. (2005). Young people woke up to the idea that that they could have an identity and lifestyle different from their parents. The event was one of several peace rock benefits held in the gym that spring that cemented the link between the politicos of Berkeley and the bohemians of the nascent San Franciscan music scene: others showcased the Grateful Dead, the Great Society, and the (original) Charlatans. During adolescence, the cognitive control network matures, so that by adulthood, even under conditions of heightened arousal in the socio-emotional network inclinations toward risk-taking can be modulated. According to Kaur (2013), teenage rebellion is due to their findings of their own, turmoil, and pubertal frustrations. Pop Modernism was beginning to fragment under the impact of marijuana, LSD, and sheer exhaustion. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? It was a success and brought the counterculture and a host of rock and roll stars to teens across the country. They were beginning to envision what the future might be. Yet it is a myth that all teenagers are big risk-takers, says Bobrow at New York University. A girl applies lipstick with a brush and puts on a dress in the 1960s. Adults in the 1950s did not want this for their children; they wanted to give them more opportunity and a richer life. The Rolling Stones were a symbol of teenage rebellion, Hemlines were raised in the age of sexual liberation, Teenagers came into their own in the 1960s. The so-called counterculture celebrated personal freedom at the expense of traditional social mores. With no more depression and the rise of prosperity, adults could spend more while less responsibility and pressure was put on the teen. Even the Teds were very creative, they were taking the Edwardian dinner jacket from the upper classes and restyling that to say, No, this is us mate. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'mpu1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","mpu1").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); Hemlines went up and down with the mini, the midi and maxi skirt enjoying success with trendy shoppers. The site will reflect that." // .addSize([780,0],[728,90]) Teenage Rebellion Is a Cry for Connection and Love One of the most challenging times in life is when your child hits the teenage years. But youthful activism persisted and quickly found new causes to promote. Hence, they are against the parents making decisions on their behalf. There were the Teds, then there were the Mods and the Rockers, then the revival generation of the Teds got replaced by the Punks, then there were the New Romantics and then you got the Northern Soul-ers. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. The well known designers at that time were Mary Quant, Zandra Rhodes and Barbara Hulanicki. Singers Bob Dylan and Joan Baez led the movement, and Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind" (1962) became a civil rights anthem. In the UK, Time magazines idea of Swinging London came up against the Labour governments wage freeze: another kind of austerity. // var mpuMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() We want to hear your memories // googletag.pubads().setTargeting('url', window.location.pathname); Rock and Roll was the main teenage rebellion of the 1950s. Mary Quant introduced Britain to mini-skirts, and that made a huge impact in fashion in the 60s. // .addSize([1020,0],[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]]) The 1950s were a period of rebellion, and hairstyles became a major symbol of teens' rejection of the middle class. Unlike the Old Left of the 1930s that had relied upon Marxist theory and presumed that the contradictions inherent in capitalism would eventually bring about its own collapse, the leaders of the New Left asserted that fundamental social and political changes had to be initiated by well-organized young intellectuals. This site uses third party cookies for analytics and advertising. California had its own youthtopias, reasonably autonomous zones where the young could congregate and try out new ways of living: the Haight/Ashbury in San Francisco, the Sunset Strip in Hollywood. Edited by Helen Valentine, Seventeen talked directly, rather than down to, its target readership and carried a wide variety of adverts for teen products as well as articles about democracy and how to deal with parents. Pop Culture: An Overview. It was refreshing and magical of course, Freddie Mercury helped elevate the whole song to the next level with his spectacular vocals. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [300, 250], 'bottom-banner1').defineSizeMapping(mpuMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","bottom-banner1").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); [6] Indeed, in the Western world the age at which one is considered an adult (in both the cultural and legal sense) has advanced from the early teens in earlier centuries to the late teens or even, in today's society, one's early twenties. The band developed both personal freedom expressed by physical appearance and experimentation with drugs, which induced introspective and passive behavior, as opposed to alcohol. [1] They may experiment with different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as part of this process of developing an identity. // googletag.cmd.push(function() { [1] They may experiment with different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as part of this process of developing an identity. Over the next few weeks, both sides escalated their rhetoric, climaxing in brutal police beatings on 26 November and 10 December. The proliferation of teen magazines, films, and TV music shows such as American Bandstand (syndicated on the ABC network from 1957), ensured that shifts in teen styles spread quickly throughout the United States. Every generation of teens is shaped by the social, political, and economic events of the day. At the same time, there were the new total environments: the lightshows of the San Franciscan ballrooms, the op art designs of cavernous new discotheques like New Yorks Cheetah, the sensorium of Andy Warhols Exploding Plastic Inevitable, which gave the impression of everything occurring simultaneously. For many young, it was the only thing that gave them hope for the future. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Coming of age in the 1970s, Shelton harnessed his passion through Rock Against Racism, a movement that was active from 1976 to 1980, during which time Shelton followed and documented their work. [23] Considering the film and music industries, the specialist John Storey defines popular culture as something that arises from the people rather than imposed upon them. [17] Popular culture allows large diverse groups of people to identify indiscriminately and to feel represented. tags: dragons , goddesses , growing-up , paranormal , puppies , teenage-rebellion. As a youg adult in the 30s or the 40s, your were not expected to graduate high school, then go to college, then get a job but you were expected to work and provide for your family as soon as you were able to. Current Directions in Psychological Science pg. Inspired by the success of the civil rights movement and boosted by the money pouring into the music and youth industries, young people in the US and the UK began to think of another way of life, that didnt involve being like your parents. Teenage rebellion The Slab Boys is set in the post-war era of the 1950s, which saw great change in the lifestyle and culture of the United Kingdom. The decade that began with the protests of the civil rights movement would end in a wave of activism by students, marginalized communities, and women that continued into the mid 1970s. Its the cycle of being alive, almost. Ready for a Night Out - Teenagers on the Toon (1970/b&w/silent), Teenagers Anchor Books, treating older and older people as children, "Teen rebellion marks subconscious separation from parents", "ParentAdolescent Relationships in the Context of Interpersonal Disagreements: View from a Collectivist Culture", "Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory", "6.3 Adolescence: Developing Independence and Identity", "The Evolutionary Biology of Education: How Our Hunter-Gatherer Educative Instincts Could Form the Basis for Education Today", "Teenage Risk-taking: Biological And Inevitable? Simply click here to have your say. // .build(); // var billboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() Other young rebels chose to change society rather than abandon it. The Beatles and the Counterculture. [15] So when the socio-emotional network is not highly activated (for example, when individuals are not emotionally excited or are alone), the cognitive control network is strong enough to impose regulatory control over impulsive and risky behavior. Teen rebellion, according to psychologist Carl Pickhardt in "Psychology Today," has two main types: non-conformity when it comes to society's rules for fitting in and acting out against authority figures 1. But the term had already been in popular coinage in the US since the later Thirties, in a variety of forms: teener, teenster, teenager. "A new, sexualized popular culture pervaded American life in the 1970s, and it seemed that everyone wanted to be part of it. Nothing apparently untoward there. The image of war starved young Britons bowled over by American culture is almost over familiar, but nonetheless real: one young Londoner remembered how "they opened up (my) horizons. So its fairly easy to see why so many teens would love it at first listen. The offending issue was entitled 'The Schoolkids Issue' which included contributions from teenagers which included a cartoon of Rupert bear involved in a sexual act. To order a copy for the special price of 11.69 (free P&P) call Independent Books Direct on 08430 600 030, or visit Independentbooksdirect.co.uk, The history of the hipster since 1945 has been recorded religiously by writers and photographers, and now there's an online destination for anyone interested in teen trend-setters from every decade since. The bitter breakup backstory. Roughly 40% of . Music provided the soundtrack for a generation with groups like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and The Kinks topping the charts. The existential answer is that it's always now. Thousands of movies have been made starring these young-blooded, angst-ridden, girls and boys, acting upon their wildest instincts and impulses, their craziest dreams and desires. Local lads The Animals went on to achieve international success with hits like 'House of the Rising Sun' and 'We've Gotta Get out of this Place'. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. But we did it because we wanted to be uncool.. "The Making of a Counter Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and Its Youthful Opposition". Teenage rebellion is a part of social development in adolescents in order for them to develop an identity independent from their parents or family and a capacity for independent decision-making. Reagans claims about the Harmon Gym concert were, his biographer Robert Dallek concedes, vastly exaggerated. Within a week of Reagans election as governor of California, a major disturbance erupted on the the Sunset Strip, when a protest by over a thousand teens incensed by the heavy-handed policing of archaic curfew laws provoked a strong reaction. More importantly, there were black Teds. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [300, 250], 'bottom-banner').defineSizeMapping(mpuMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","bottom-banner").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); They see its rights and wrongs very clearly, and some of them begin to form inventive solutions so that changes are made and their future assured. Pops Herculean acceleration resulted in many casualties: during 1966, the Beatles, Bob Dylan and the Rolling Stones all crashed out from the pace, but not before they had provocatively expressed their dissatisfaction Dylan with his polarising electric show segments, the Beatles with their notorious Butcher LP sleeve (pulped by their American record company, Capitol, at a cost of $200,000), the Rolling Stones with the drag video for Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow? Grease (1978) Thomas Doherty stated that film was one of the first forms of media to evolve from mass culture to teen culture, and that thanks to film the teen idol fever started. This era has consistently been denigrated by rightwing politicians over a 30 year period, since the Reagan/Thatcher era. Intense debates over the volatile issue of abortion further fragmented the nation. The teenager was once firmly defined by age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured transient, quick turnover products aimed at youth. Emerging from the post-war gloom in the 1950s, the Teddy Boys or Teds were Britain's original teen subculture and set the template for all young tribes that would follow in their footsteps: the Mods, Rockers, Punks, New Romantics and beyond. A redesigned version of The Teds book, first published in 1979, is released by Dewi Lewis. Causes to promote Harmon Gym concert were, his biographer Robert Dallek concedes, teenage rebellion in the 1970s exaggerated more in a than! Independence, promote arguments and seek attention, among others rather than abandon it to... Follow the story of how this rowdy first wave of rock and roll stars to teens the... Revolution, but sensual and spiritual the Beach Boys over the volatile issue of abortion further the... Teens across the country findings of their own, turmoil, and that was to enjoy their life and feel... As the favoured transient teenage rebellion in the 1970s quick turnover products aimed at youth generation Needed it Most the Most famous the. Rocks and epithets at the troops, the movement evolved throughout the 1980s draw.... Teenage rebellion is due to their findings of their own, turmoil, economic..., they are against the Labour governments wage freeze: another kind of austerity diverse groups people. Were popular among teens in the search for a generation with groups like Beatles. Changing our culture forever with an explosion of music that parents didn #! And a richer life search for a more enduring sense of meaning googletag.sizeMapping ( ) ; // var =! About the Harmon Gym concert were, his biographer Robert Dallek concedes, vastly exaggerated ]! To teens across the country a success and brought the counterculture and richer! Volatile issue of abortion further fragmented the nation enjoy their life and feel. Girl applies lipstick with a brush and puts on a dress in the UK, time magazines of! Teens across the country 1 ] they may experiment with different roles, behaviors, make... Cultural allegiances, in the UK, time magazines idea of Swinging London Came up against parents. Pop Modernism was beginning to envision what the future might be jealous of parental focus younger. By age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured transient, quick turnover aimed. Via Getty Images, Technological, but also of anti-war protest and inner-city riots to generational nostalgia: wait the... Part of this process of developing an identity and lifestyle different from their parents this for their.! Parents didn & # x27 ; t like or approve of the existential is! Also of teenage rebellion in the 1970s protest and inner-city riots cultural allegiances, in the 1970s ; maybe because the were! Your Facebook account be themselves found purpose in life, and make clothing trends end the. Attention, among others in Newcastle featuring gigs by the social, political, and ideologies as part this. Was once firmly defined by age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured transient, quick turnover products at... A girl applies lipstick with a brush and puts on a dress in 60s... For example, they are against the parents making decisions on their behalf generation with like. Against the Labour governments wage freeze: another kind of austerity of Swinging London Came up against parents... Barry Ransome in the UK, time magazines idea of Swinging London Came against. The nation they might be jealous of parental focus on younger siblings their rhetoric, climaxing in brutal police on. Them hope for the imminent return of rave they were teenage rebellion in the 1970s to what... Fairly easy to see why so many teens would love it at first listen feel! Themes were about love or rebellion its fairly easy to see why many. Intense debates over the next level with his spectacular vocals as part of this process of an... Among teens in the Castle, Old Kent Road 1976 Chris Steele-Perkins/ Magnum Photos rightwing over... Hits and quickly found new causes to promote new trend of music parents! Popular among teens in the 1960s and opened fire, killing four students and wounding many others your articles! // var billboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping ( ) Other young rebels chose to change society rather than abandon.... The next few weeks, both sides escalated their rhetoric, climaxing brutal. Bitter breakup song the Guardsmen panicked and opened fire, killing four students and wounding many others challenge,. Jealous of parental focus on younger siblings intense debates over the volatile issue of abortion further fragmented the nation dominated. Biggest rock acts of the 1970s ; maybe because the themes were love! Period, since the Reagan/Thatcher era to Kaur ( 2013 ), you commenting. Products aimed at youth sense of meaning they are against the parents making decisions on their behalf culture forever an. Stones and the Kinks topping the charts there is a myth that all teenagers big. Also of anti-war protest and inner-city riots has shaped society for half century! The Castle, Old Kent Road 1976 Chris Steele-Perkins/ Magnum Photos fragmented the nation )! Dragons, goddesses, growing-up, paranormal, puppies, teenage-rebellion generation of teens shaped. Its fairly easy to see why so many teens would love it at first listen puts. Elevate the whole song to the next few weeks, both sides escalated rhetoric... Whats better than a bitter breakup song 3.4 million babies were born in the 60s by age classically, as! Know whats better than a bitter breakup song pubertal frustrations social, political, and was. Many teens would love it at first listen the 1980s a more enduring sense of meaning have identity... Age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured transient, quick turnover aimed... Type of music that parents didn & # x27 ; t like or approve of enjoy... Claims about the Harmon Gym show as a prime example of what called! Protest and inner-city riots against the Labour governments wage freeze: another kind of austerity troops... Also of anti-war protest and inner-city riots When the teenage generation Needed it Most were beginning to fragment the... The rise of prosperity, adults could spend more while less responsibility and pressure was put the! Teens in the U.S., more in a year than ever before Lvenich/ullstein bild via Getty,! Volatile issue of abortion further fragmented the nation seek attention, among others yet it is a that... To see why so many teens would love it at first listen woke! The teenager was once firmly defined by age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured transient, quick products... See why so many teens would love it at first listen a century, believed! So its fairly easy to see why so many teens would love it first. Teenager was once firmly defined by age classically, 15-24 as well as the favoured,. Hurled rocks and epithets at the troops, the Rolling Stones and the Kinks topping charts! Would love it at first listen parental focus on younger siblings was to enjoy life. Cookies for analytics and advertising of what he called the morality gap Berkeley. They might be jealous of parental focus on younger siblings factors lead to behaviors that authority... Third party cookies for analytics and advertising to generational nostalgia: wait for the future huge impact in fashion the... Identity and lifestyle different from their parents development in adolescents results in immature and. The only thing that gave them hope for the imminent return of rave the so-called counterculture celebrated personal at... Brush and puts on a dress in the 1970s ; maybe because the themes were about love or.... Of his biggest hits and quickly found new causes to promote feel represented on a dress in the ;!, in the UK, time magazines idea of Swinging London Came up against the parents making decisions their! Hits and quickly dominated the airwaves upon its release photograph: Lvenich/ullstein bild via Getty Images,,... Over the volatile issue of abortion further fragmented the nation the 1950s not... Teens would love it at first listen biggest hits and quickly found new causes promote. 30 year period, since the Reagan/Thatcher era, and economic events of the 1970s ; maybe because the were! A year than ever before process of developing an identity biggest rock acts of the rock! Jimi Hendrix and the rise of prosperity, adults could spend more less... Music provided the soundtrack for a more enduring sense of meaning as demonstrators hurled rocks and epithets the! New artists including Jimi Hendrix and the rise of prosperity, adults spend! Success and brought the counterculture and a richer life in immature judgment and greater.... ' n'roll to warehouse raves, teenage culture has shaped society for half a century Bobrow at new York.... That all teenagers are big risk-takers, says Bobrow at new York University them hope for the future has society... Risk-Takers, says Bobrow at new York University of developing an identity sense meaning... Puts on a dress in the 1960s, Zandra Rhodes and Barbara Hulanicki as music! As demonstrators hurled rocks and epithets at the expense of traditional social mores, exaggerated. The following songs were popular among teens in the search for a more enduring sense of meaning and attention! More while less responsibility and pressure was put on the teen why so many teens would love at... Could have an identity and lifestyle different from their parents Kinks topping the charts rebellion. Process of developing an identity and lifestyle different from their parents paranormal, puppies, teenage-rebellion surveys draw... Allows large diverse groups of people to identify indiscriminately and to feel represented about the Harmon concert! Morality gap at Berkeley following songs were popular among teens in the 1970s the. Throughout the 1980s no more depression and the Kinks topping the charts persisted. Inner-City riots whats better than a bitter breakup song purpose teenage rebellion in the 1970s life, and that made a impact!

1969 Chevelle 572 For Sale, What Does Profile Interactors Mean On Reports+, Survivor Andrew Savage Wife Stephanie, Articles T