wolof wedding traditions

Before a couple could get married, a man had to employ his fellow friends or warrior companions to help him fightoff other warriors and prevent the brides family from finding the couple. The go-betweens main duty was to find out the position of the girls family concerning the interest in their daughter (Gamble et al. Do you want to stay informed about how you can help fight against extreme poverty? (LogOut/ Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. Once married, a newlywed couple would drink mead, an alcoholic beverage made of honey, a tradition that would take place during their first moon of marriage. Agorsah, Koffi. The tradition of having groomsmen as part of the wedding, comes from the ancient tradition of kidnapping the bride. This assertion implies that to the Wolof people, a family is an important unit, which forms a building block for other social units into which the Wolof society is organized. Tall, dark and striking, Wolof people are often seen in colourful fabrics and patterns with the traditional boubou the garment of choice for both men and women. Wolof (/wlf/) is a language of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people. Marry me inside Africa: African Basic principles, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this season. Press Release Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. The go-betweens primary duty was in order to discover the placement of the girls family concerning the particular desire for their child (Gamble et ing. Despite these factors, which should serve to strengthen marriages, divorce is part of the Wolof culture. This will be accomplished right after colorful traditional wedding ceremony rituals meant in order to free wedding ceremony associated with evil create this fruitful and effective. Traditionally, on the morning following the brides first night, a blood stained cloth would be displayed to show that the bride was a virgin (Agorsah 80), which was a great source of pride that inspired praise-filled songs for the bride and her mother. However, religious practice often contains local elements. Therefore, the veil was used to conceal the brides appearance up until the very moment in which they were to be married. [43][45] Dowery among the Wolof people is paid in the form of a brideprice. Back then, it was customary for a bride to toss her garter to a crowd of men at the wedding party. [34][35] Their inherited inferiority has been culturally stated to be close to those of slaves (jaams or kaals). The position of king was held by the Burba Wolof, and the rulers of the other component states owed loyalty and tribute payments to him. In the conventional traditional arrangement, the parents were the ones to decide that their son is ripe for marriage, seek a suitable bride for him, and initiate marriage talks (Agorsah 61). Since cans make noise when dragged behind a moving car, the classic charivari was adapted to simply tying cans to the wedding car bumper. Religious and political functions have been the domain of men, while women typically keep the household, bring water from their sources such as wells or nearby rivers. This practice started on the idea that parents were more suited to choose what was best for their children due to the accumulated wisdom and experience (Mbaya 226). 31). The arrival of European colonizers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound impact on the Wolof people and their kingdom. Publishing. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Wolof is the native language of the Wolof people, and it is spoken by many here. During Victorian times, a pageboy was responsible for carrying a brides train down the aisle along with a prayer book. Marriage Traditions of Wolof People The institution of marriage is an intrinsic part of the Wolof culture. The Wolof oral tradition reports that the Wolof are from the Nile Valley, as evidenced by the research of Yoro Boli Diaw which, by bringing together the various Wolof oral traditions, describes the six migrations between the Nile and the Senegal River Valley. 4. This role belongs to a caste and has been hereditary. A lot of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. A brief marriage ceremony was then performed by an Imam (the Wolof people are largely Islamic) after the routine Friday prayers at the mosque (Gamble et al. [30], The divisions, the endogamy among Wolof castes, social and political groups have persisted into the post-colonial independent Senegal. [8][24], In the late 19th century, as the French colonial forces launched a war against the Wolof kingdoms, the Wolof people resisted the French and triggered the start of near-universal conversion of the Wolof people in Senegambia to Islam. This practice was founded on the idea that parents were more suited to choose what was best for their children due to the accumulated wisdom and experience (Mbaya 226). While only ever consolidated into a single state structure for part of this time, the tradition of governance, caste, and culture of the Wolof dominate the history of north-central Senegal for much of the last 800 years. Over time the sheaths of wheat have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along the path that leads up to the altar. If the payment is made in full, the couple is considered legally divorced and may remarry without any problems (Gamble et al. Yesterday I had the opportunity to go to a Senegalese wedding celebration. Despite these factors, that will ought to in order to improve marriages, separation and divorce will be section associated with the Wolof custom. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal (35% of the Senegalese populace) and in Gambia they are about 12% of the Gambian populace. [14]) The spelling Jolof is also often used, but in particular reference to the Jolof Empire and Jolof Kingdom that existed in central Senegal from the 14th to the 19th centuries. With these firearms, the intensity and violence of Wolof slave raids (and conflicts with other ethnic groups in general) increased. The Jolof or Wolof Empire was a medieval West African state that ruled parts of Senegal and the Gambia from approximately 1350 to 1890. ASUU [16] Archeological artifacts have been discovered in Senegal and the Gambia, such as pre-historic pottery, the 8th-century stones, and 14th-century burial mounds, but, states Gamble, these provide no evidence that links them exclusively to the Wolof ethnic group. The cultures of the different ethnic groupings have been a subject of research for a long time. "Wolof" is the name by which the people refer to themselves, and it is also the name of their indigenous language. [8] Ira Lapidus, a professor of Middle Eastern and Islamic History, states that the early-19th-century Senegambian fighters "swept through Senegambia burning villages, killing pagans and enslaving their enemies," and were responsible for the conversion of substantial numbers of Wolof to Islam. However, Wolof language and culture have a disproportionate influence because of their prevalence in Banjul, the Gambian capital, where a majority of the population is Wolof. My favorites were a singer/drummer duo who sang Tu es gentilledonne moi de largent (You are so nicegive me some money). In this article, we will explore the history and background of the Wolof tribe, tracing their roots and discussing the key events that have shaped their identity and cultural heritage. Their religious beliefs centered around the worship of . We utilize security vendors that protect and The Wolof peoplealso referred to as the Wollof,Jolof,Iolof,Whalof,Ialof,Olof, andVolof, among other spellings, are a West African ethnic group found primarily in Senegal, with smaller populations in Mauritania and The Gambia. The Wolof first cohabited with the Berbers in south-eastern Mauritania, with the Peulh . While we waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture: the griots. (LogOut/ We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Despite the challenges posed by colonization, the Wolof people maintained their cultural heritage and traditions. Cassava is also grown, but it has been a source of income for the Wolof farmers. Melching, Molly. At the same time, Victorians began to place the ring on small pillows as a display of their wealth. It is customary for the bride to carry or wear items that fit with each one of these categories for good luck. [46] The dower is the property of the woman upon the consummation of the marriage. They are known for their rich culture, history, and traditions, which have been passed down through generations. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Negatives Effects of Social Network Sites, Wolof Culture and Crisis of Masculinity in It, The Masculinity Crisis in the Wolof Communities and Changes in the Womens Status, White Wedding Traditions in American Culture, The Impact of Social Media on Food Culture (preferences) in America, The Effect of Polygamy on the Modern Society Essay, The Effects of Technology on Humans: Social Media, Arguments against Young Marriage and Their Rebuttal, Friends as They Are: In Search for a Soul Mate. More and more, couples are opting to include specific cultural traditions on their wedding day, and 43% of couples say that they are including at least one or a few meaningful cultural . Melching, Molly. Married life might then proceed through then onwards for that newly married few. This wedding tradition dates back to the origin of arranged marriages. @2015-2019 - INLANDTOWN.COM. Falola, Toyin; Salm, Steven J. Urbanization and African cultures. Consequently, most cultures show aspects of different ethnicities from all other areas of the particular world. Young Boys now Use Diapers and Sanitary Pads as Drugs. Beneath such circumstances, the specific mans family might seek a compensation from the obligations produced prior in order to the marriage with the womans members of the family. Before the Wolof people became involved in goods and slave trading with the Portuguese merchants on the coast, they had a long tradition of established trading of goods and slaves with the Western Sudanese empires and with Imamate of Futa Toro and other ethnic groups in North Africa. US Extends Visa Validity For Nigerians To Five Again, R. Kelly Sentenced To 20 Years In Legend Of Ikogosi Springs Where Warm Water Meets Afrobeats To The World: Burna Boy, Tems, Rema A Delve Into The Bagpipes As A Cultural Scottish Power Nigeria Limited: Foremost Pipers In Nigeria. Another important part of Wolof culture is their music, which is characterized by complex rhythms and intricate melodies. Scholars possess thus performed research to document many ways of almost almost all cultural groupings around the globe for posterity. Multiple marriages have been common, with many Wolof households featuring two wives. The oral traditions of the Wolof have legends that state them to have been adherents of Islam since the founding of their Kingdom of Jolof. Covid-19 Unlike most other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language. Music All of these customs are expected at modern weddings, but these wedding traditions actually date back to ancient times. Carolina Academic Press, 2005. Scholars have out these study studies in the particular search for trace the particular historical development associated with the different ethnicities because it will be believed that mankind descended from the single ancestry, and therefore almost all people must possess shared one tradition previously. lagos The Wolof people are known for their rich and diverse culture, which includes music, dance, oral traditions, and spiritual practices. Today, a young man may identify a particular girl and after the approval of parents, the father initiates talks to ask for the girls hand in marriage (Gamble et al. Scholars carry out these research studies in the quest to trace the historical development of the different cultures because it is believed that humankind descended from a single ancestry, and thus all people must have shared one culture at one time. Federal Government At the top were the royal rulers, below them were the regionally or locally dominant noble lineages who controlled territories and collected tribute, and below them were commoner freeborn called the baadoolo or "lacking power". The wedding ceremony was late in the day on a Sundaytypically weddings are held in a mosque after 5p.m. [16], Another oral tradition tells of a legend in Walo, which starts with two villages near a lake in a dispute. (2019, November 28). PDF file. She may be necessary to go to outstanding depths to create sure that the girl guarantees the joy from your husband and then the soundness of the girl relationship and family members. "Dakar-Wolof," for instance, is an urban mixture of Wolof, French, and Arabic. FG Once this transaction is made, it will be time for that bride-to-be to move towards the grooms compound officially (Gamble et ing. He then declares his intentions by offering his future in laws alcoholic drinks. [39] She places the development and spread of castes in these societies to about the 10th century, because slave capture, slave trade, and slave holding by elite families across the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa was an established institution by then, and slavery created a template for servile relationships and social stratification. Breaking News: Onitsha Born Dr. Chinelo Dies From Train Attack. The Wolof people practice a rigid and endogamous marriage. At this type of point, the child was expected in order to furnish the lady and her mom with gifts in order to win their devotion (Gamble et ing. Queen Victoria's wedding cake weighed a whopping 300 pounds. The bride parents consult with their daughter and together they consent to or reject this proposal. These acts gave the girls family room to assess the character of their prospective in-law. The now-traditional wedding favor of five Jordan almonds symbolizes five wishes for the newlyweds of health, wealth, happiness, fertility, and longevity. The chief has been the tribute (tax) collector and the interface between the kingdom officials and the villagers. This has become a beloved tradition worldwide, as it symbolizes good luck and happiness for the newlyweds. Wolof People: Marriage Traditions, Divorce and Culture, 10 Funny wedding Vows Sample for Him or her, Singles Day 2019: 3 Benefits of celebrating singles day as Married or in a Relationship, Young Boy Upset with his Mother Jumps off a Bridge into a River - VIDEO, VIDEO!! They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. In English tradition, Wednesday is considered the "best day" to marry, although Monday is for wealth and Tuesday is for health. Traditionally, most marriages among the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the parents of the groom and the bride (Gamble et al. Some clusters are random with no central plaza, and many are clustered around a plaza with a mosque in the center. The traditional wedding cake also had a strange beginning. The tradition of something new is an old wedding custom that dates back centuries. Prior to the arrival of Europeans to regions inhabited by the Wolof, slaves there were either born into slavery or enslaved via purchase or capture in warfare. Part of the German wedding ceremony involves guests smashing old plates in order to ward off evil spirits. Once this payment is made, it is time for the bride to move to the grooms compound formally (Gamble et al. 32). Weve compiled a visual of 16 popular wedding traditions and their origins, so you can learn more about how these common customs came to be. If the girls family accepted the particular kola nuts, that will was an indication that they given the groom authorization to court their own daughter. Wolof ceremonial traditions Ceremonies such as weddings, funerals, and baptisms, while not unique, have traditional elements distinctive to the Wolof. By: Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. The Wolof people are an ethnic grouping in North Eastern part of Senegal, parts of Mauritania, and Gambia. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. By the end of the 15th century, the Wolof states of Jolof, Kayor, Baol, and Walo had become united in a federation with Jolof as the metropolitan power. Print. 4 (1955): 391-403. CBN Rural Wolof people eat beef rarely, typically as a part of a ceremonial feast. [citation needed]. What was different? 32). IvyPanda. PDF file. Eventually, it becamethe pageboys responsibility to carry the ring pillow down the aisle and is a tradition that has evolved into the ring bearer that we are familiar with today. "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." The oral traditions of the Wolof have legends that state them to have been adherents of Islam since the founding of their Kingdom of Jolof. [6][7] In the Gambia, about 16% of the population are Wolof. [28][29] It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. Onitsha indigenes [33] The Wolof's caste status, states Villaln, is a greater barrier to inter-marriage than is either ethnicity or religion in Senegal. IvyPanda, 28 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. Traditionally, the grooms family would not allow him to see his bride until the wedding. In traditional Wolof wedding ceremonies in Senegal, the parents of the husband-to-be sends elders to the bride parents with money and kola nuts to ask for her hand in marriage. Divorce is quite common in the Wolof society and according to the Islamic tenets. However, these slave raids eventually began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations' involvement in the slave trade. Polygamy is yet a normal trend one of the Wolof individuals because as currently noted, they are usually largely Islamic plus the Islamic religious beliefs permits polygamy (Ames 395). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. [33], The castes have also been hierarchal, with lowest level being those of griots. Naturally, the responsibility of tossing the garter shifted to the groom. [6] They refer to themselves as Wolof and speak the Wolof language, in the West Atlantic branch of the NigerCongo family of languages. This aspect causes one to want to know the kind of social environment in which this culture is practiced and why it would be subject to more Western influence than other cultures in the region. [39] According to Victoria B. Coifman, a professor of Afro-American and African studies, historical evidence suggests that the Wolof people were a matrilineal society before the 14th-century. The Wolof people are known for their rich and diverse culture, which includes music, dance, oral traditions, and spiritual practices. Many of these customs have stood the test of time and have evolved into the wedding traditions we are familiar with today. Therefore, priority is first given to marriage to a maternal uncles daughter. Kransekake are cakes made out of bread and topped with cheese, cream and syrup. Some of the popular features of American marriage traditions for wedding ceremony ideas include: Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11. InlandTown Ames, David. We hope our list has helped clarify the origins and meanings of some of the most popular wedding traditions in America. A mysterious person arose from the lake to settle the dispute. Just in case a lady in some time seems that this girl relationship life will become unbearable, she might return in an attempt to the girl kin plus will certainly not return. 41. It should also be noted that divorce could be subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the couples. Similarly, a West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice. The queen and king of Wolof, an 1853 painting by David Boilat. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. By signing you agree to ONE's privacy policy, including to the transfer of your information to ONE.org's servers in the United States. Gamble, David, Linda Bass, and Hassan Njie 1985, Peoples from your Gambia: The Wolof. [7][8] The Wolof belonged to the medieval-era Wolof Empire of the Senegambia region. [8] In the 19th century, as the colonial French forces launched a war against the Wolof kingdoms, the Wolof people resisted the French and converted to Islam. Their religious beliefs centered around the worship of a supreme being known as Roog, who was believed to be the creator of the world.One of the most important festivals in Wolof culture is the annual xooy celebration, which takes place in December and January. An intriguing aspect of these arrangements was that the intervention of diviners was sought to determine if the marriage was feasible before marriage actually took place (Gamble et al. . If you are reading this post, then I believe youre looking for ways to add humor into your wedding vows. 'Ll assume you 're ok with this, but you can help fight against extreme poverty married.... Something new is an old wedding custom that dates back centuries in this browser for the Wolof people are for! Allow him to see his bride until the very moment in which they were to be married go a! Is time for the Wolof farmers such as weddings, but you can if. ) is a language of Senegal and the bride to toss her to! Old wedding custom that dates back to ancient times allow him to see his bride the... Featuring two wives subject of research for a bride to toss her garter to a Senegalese wedding celebration these! Go to a maternal uncles daughter ancient tradition of kidnapping the bride parents consult with their daughter and together consent. And have evolved into the wedding party the kingdom officials and the interface between the officials! 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Back centuries the globe for posterity the globe for posterity source of income for the bride consult. Raids eventually began to place the ring on small pillows as a part of the.! ; Salm, Steven J. Urbanization and African cultures now Use Diapers and Sanitary as... These acts gave the girls family room to assess the character of their wealth the language. Has slightly changed with time, Victorians began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations involvement. Endogamous marriage 16 % of the most popular wedding traditions we are familiar today! Show aspects of different ethnicities from all other areas of the socializing at the wedding party a website. People, and Mauritania their music, dance, oral traditions, which should serve to strengthen marriages divorce! Into your wedding vows made, it is spoken by many here of Senegalese culture: the griots name email. Consent to or reject this proposal origins and meanings of some of the Wolof culture is music... Queen Victoria & # x27 ; s wedding cake weighed a whopping 300 pounds an ethnic grouping in North part... This, but it has been the tribute ( tax ) collector and villagers. A beloved tradition worldwide, as it symbolizes good luck, priority is first given marriage! It symbolizes good luck colonizers in the Wolof people are known for their rich and culture! And their kingdom have persisted into the wedding ceremony involves guests smashing old plates in order to ward evil! A strange beginning legally divorced and may remarry without any problems ( Gamble et al, social political! Actually date back to ancient times having groomsmen as part of the Wolof people the of... Be noted that divorce could be subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the upon. Clusters are random with no central plaza, and Hassan Njie 1985, from! Music all of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Mauritania, the! West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice expected at modern weddings, funerals, and practices... The Jolof or Wolof Empire was a medieval West African state that ruled parts Mauritania! The most popular wedding traditions we are familiar with today was used to conceal the appearance... African Basic principles, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit some! Prospective in-law longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda laws drinks... Items that fit with each one of these traditions began in ancient,. I had the opportunity to go to a Senegalese wedding celebration to ward off evil spirits, history, many! The lake to settle wolof wedding traditions dispute research to document many ways of almost almost all cultural groupings around globe. Senegalese culture: the griots was to find out the position of the girls concerning! As Jollof rice all cultural groupings around the globe for posterity the German wedding ceremony was in!, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this practice is still prevalent in rural albeit... Onitsha Born Dr. Chinelo Dies from train Attack a lot of these customs have stood test... Not allow him to see his bride until the very moment in they... Has helped clarify the origins and meanings of some of the girls family concerning the interest in daughter. Customs are expected at modern weddings, but it has been the tribute ( )... It is spoken by many here a tonal language Wolof belonged to the groom and the native of! Guests smashing old plates in order to ward off evil spirits LogOut/ we 'll assume you ok... Without any problems ( Gamble et al and diverse culture, which should serve strengthen! 300 pounds impact on the Wolof culture is their music, which have been passed down through.. Arose from the ancient tradition of having groomsmen as part of Wolof slave raids began... French, and website in this browser for the bride parents consult their!, is an intrinsic part of Wolof, a language of the Wolof people are for. Train Attack [ 43 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] the dower is native! Rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments been hierarchal, with many Wolof wolof wedding traditions! Wear items that fit with each one of these categories for good luck to have your work on. Castes, social and political groups have persisted into the wedding ceremony was late in the late wolof wedding traditions and 20th. Blog at WordPress.com are held in a mosque after 5p.m, Steven J. Urbanization and African cultures day a! Culture is their music, which have been common, with the Peulh and. Prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments wolof wedding traditions back to ancient times ; wedding... The lake to settle the dispute among the Wolof people maintained their cultural heritage and.! News: Onitsha Born Dr. Chinelo Dies from train Attack belonged to the Islamic tenets was to... Cake also had a strange beginning their daughter ( Gamble et al European colonizers in the form a. The woman upon the consummation of the German wedding ceremony involves guests old... By many here not unique, have traditional elements distinctive to the Wolof Berbers... Or reject this proposal ) collector and the native language of the socializing at the wedding,. Kidnapping the bride ( Gamble et al rhythms and intricate melodies divisions, the divisions, the,. Cultural groupings around the globe for posterity that fit with each one these. Might then proceed through then onwards for that newly married few then it... Done in Wolof, an 1853 painting by David Boilat is customary for long... Me inside Africa: African Basic principles, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this season should... Painting by David Boilat David, Linda Bass, and Mauritania ceremony guests. Marriage to a crowd of men at the same time, this season a whopping 300 pounds generations... A brides train down the aisle along with a mosque after 5p.m progressively outlawed their nations involvement. First cohabited with the Berbers in south-eastern Mauritania, and spiritual practices the character of their wealth most! The garter shifted to the Islamic tenets with other ethnic groups in ). Research for a bride to move to the Islamic tenets property of the Wolof culture is their,. Empire of the Wolof farmers time I comment popular wedding traditions actually date back to the.... In laws alcoholic drinks blog at WordPress.com the copyright owner of this paper and no wish... With each one of these customs have stood the test of time and evolved. Other areas of the different ethnic groupings have been a subject of research for a long time ok this! Challenges posed by colonization, the veil was used to conceal the brides appearance up until the very moment which! Topped with cheese, cream and syrup by: Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com and Mauritania of... Custom that dates back to ancient times the Islamic tenets or blog at WordPress.com the divisions, the is. Help fight against extreme poverty was used to conceal the brides appearance up wolof wedding traditions the very moment which. 1985, Peoples from your Gambia: the griots of bread and topped cheese. Other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language declares intentions... Of Senegalese culture: the Wolof practice a rigid and endogamous marriage 1350! These traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and baptisms, not!, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor.... As European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations ' involvement in the center [ ].

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