what is exogamy marriage

An increase in kinship relationships (the bond of being related). The rule that specifies marriage to a person from outside ones own group (kin, caste, or community). Societal complexity is mid-range (Blumberg and Winch 1972). Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, has been practiced by people in many different countries and cultures throughout recorded history. In particular, groups that prioritize kinship (such as clans of indigenous people or moieties, meaning two kinship groups into which a group of people is divided for identification purposes) often practice forms of exogamy due to its ability to preserve lineages and reduce birth defects. What is a Exogamous relationship? is associated with higher female contribution to subsistence (Schlegel and Eloul 1988). Extended family households are more likely in societies where. Children from a marriage are symbolized by a downward line from the marriage. It is most common among people who live in social groups known as clans or moieties (groups). When women have more status they are more likely to have expanded economic opportunities. In societies with unilineal descent, the levirate (the custom by which a wife is married to and cared for by a deceased husbands brother or other close relative) is associated with lower divorce rates. Parallel cousins, the children of ones mothers sister (in a matrilineal system) or fathers brother (in a patrilineal system), are members of ones own lineage and are often treated similarly to ones sisters and brothers. Another theory is that patrilocal residence is much more common than matrilocal residence, which means that in most societies a bride moves to the husbands household or community; in this case, compensation would be expected to go to the brides kin to compensate for her loss (M. Ember 1970; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern . This is a common practice in countries with large immigrant populations, where individuals may marry someone of a different ethnicity as they become accultured to the mainstream, majority culture. The following findings are consistent with these theories: Brides and their parents generally have a greater net gain in resources at the time of marriage than grooms and their parents (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a, 2011b). This has made it easier for individuals to meet and marry someone from a different culture or social group. Second, and perhaps surprisingly, the findings regarding child dependency and sexuality were in the opposite directionthat is, those species with longer infant dependencies and more female sexual receptivity were less, not more likely, to have female-male bonding. Research conducted by M. Ember, Ember, and Low (2007) attempted to compare the sex ratio theory predictions with the pathogen stress theory. Korotayev, Andrey V., and Joseph Cardinale. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Extramarital sex or reproductive issues as grounds for divorce (Frayser 1985). And most societies extend the incest taboo to some other relatives or to some social groups, such as a kin group, as well. What predicts variation in family household form? However, non-native, "invasive" populations that have "not yet established a pattern of local adaptation" may derive some adaptive benefit from admixture. Exogamy implies the practice of marrying outside of one's own group. Trust: Trust is the foundation of any healthy relationship. Societies with male-biased inheritance or more male control over resources are more likely to have polygyny (Hartung 1982; Cowlishaw and Mace 1996; Sellen and Hruschka 2004). Cultural exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. The Selknam, on the Life and Thought of a Hunting People of the Great Island of Tierra Del Fuego., Sexual Division of Labor and Cross-Cultural Research., Factors Influencing the Allowance of Cousin Marriages in the Standard Cross Cultural Sample., Marriage, Authority, and Final Causes: A Study of Unilateral Cross-Cousin Marriage., Explaining Monogamy and Polygyny Among Foragers and Horticulturalists., Material Resource Investments at Marriage: Evolutionary, Social, and Ecological Perspectives., New Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Marriage Transactions., The Economics of Misbehavior, Love and Marriage Contract Enforcement., D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. Long-fallow agriculture is associated with moderately complex societies and thus may account for the finding that polygyny is more prevalent in such societies, but less common in very complex societies. Similar to dowry except that the goods or money originate from the grooms kin and they are either passed to the bride directly or passed indirectly via her family. However, this overall finding comes with some qualifications. In exogamous marriages, the partner is found outside of the group, while in endogamous marriage, the partner is found within the same social or cultural group. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'anthropologyreview_org-leader-4','ezslot_9',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anthropologyreview_org-leader-4-0');Ethnic exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own ethnic group. Being prevalent in most of the Western world, exogamy is the rule dictating that one must marry outside his/her kin group. One estimate is 70% of societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30% for asymmetrical cousin marriage (Coult 1965). Pearson, Willie, Jr., and Lewellyn Hendrix. An example of endogamous marriages can be seen in historical royal families where maintaining the royal bloodlines required members of royalty to marry only other members of royalty, often leading to marriage within family units and certainly within genetically close units. Formal polyandry adds the additional criterion that the multiple men considered fathers live with the same woman. Nimkoff and Middleton (1960) acknowledged that their sample, focusing on nonindustrial societies, did not include the most complex societies, and therefore they suggested that the relationship with complexity was probably curvilinear, with the least and most complex societies being less likely to have extended family households. Unfortunately, they did not measure family in exactly the same way as Nimkoff and Middleton (they termed their variable family complexity and included societies with considerable polygyny in the same category with extended family households. Because of polygynys pervasiveness in human societies, this section will mainly be concerned with cross-cultural research that has been conducted about polygyny, as contrasted with monogamy. A sex-ratio favoring females can also be created by having older men marry much younger women (M. Ember 1984). ethnography Homans, George C., and David M. Schneider. But, if land is limited or scarce, this strategy is not a particularly good one. However, Fraysers research does not attempt to explain the double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women. About 75% of societies known to anthropology involve at least one explicit and substantial transaction related to marriage, and most societies have more than one transaction (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). Note that the shortage of men theory suggests why polygyny might be advantageous for societies as a whole and for unmarried women. 5) Divorce is more socially acceptable CULTURAL. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Similar to sexual restrictions on women, societies with a greater interest in the institution of marriage may be more likely to classify womens extramarital relationships as grounds for terminating the marriage. Preference for fathers brothers daughter marriage (patrilateral parallel cousin marriage) preference is more likely in patrilocal societies (Flinn and Low 1987). mile Durkheim[9] derives exogamy from totemism. Might this variation help us test theories about the conditions under which marriage is important? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Indeed, in a number of cross-cultural studies, higher female contribution to subsistence is significantly associated with more polygyny (Heath 1958; Burton and Reitz 1981; White and Burton 1988; Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019; but see M. Ember 1984). Quinlan and Quinlan (2007) suggest that If the presence of both a husband and a wife is not critical for raising a child, staying in an unwanted marriage is not as necessary for successful child-rearing. Ackerman (1963) finds that. Endogamy: It is a rule of marriage in which the life-partners are to be selected within the group. In the diagram below, a circle stands for a female, a triangle for a male, and an equal sign for a marriage. Definition of Endogamy Marriage. An exogamous marital arrangement is one where individuals marry outside of their own social group. Why? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. As we have discussed, most societies forbid any cousin marriage, but a great deal of anthropological theorizing involves explanations of the different types of allowed, preferred, or prescribed cousin marriage (Levi-Strauss 1949; Homans and Schneider 1962; Leach 1951; see discussion in Berting and Philipsen 1960). If a father can stay with them, or take turns with the mother, survival chances improve greatly. Respect: Partners should respect each other's boundaries, opinions, and decisions. There is some indication that arranged marriages are associated with greater gender inequality. Regions with high incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likely to have cousin marriage (Hoben, Buunk, and Fisher 2016). As discussed in the sexuality module, homosexual behavior, even if common, often coexists with heterosexual marriage practices. Elaborate marriage ceremonies typically involve a large number of people from the community, potentially increasing social interest in the marriage. It maintains healthy levels of diversity in the genetic pool. This finding is consistent with anecdotal evidence that arranged marriage customs tend to break down with modernization. high dependence on animal husbandry (also Ross et al. Another evolutionary theory is based on the idea that inequality in male wealth will favor polygyny because women (or their families) might choose to marry a wealthy man, rather than a man with few resources. Advantages and Disadvantages of Exogamy Marriages, Indian Rajya Sabha The Council of States, Powers and Functions of Lok Sabha | House of People, What is Economics | Basic Economics Concepts, What is Ethics | Relationship between Jurisprudence. There is relatively little research on why societies have rules about marriage within or outside the local community. Often members of such families live in a demarcated compound of some sort with multiple dwellings. If the answer is no, then male-female bonding was predicted; if the answer was yes, then female-male bonding was unlikely. Exogamy does not guarantee that spouses have no genetic relationship. Dow, Gregory K., Clyde G. Reed, and Simon Woodcock. And, if a man marries two or more unrelated women (nonsororal polygyny), he will increase the genetic variability of his offspring even further. We do need to ask about other possible solutions to the incompatibility of a mothers feeding requirements and those of her baby, just as we asked of the other theories. In gift exchange, the kin groups of the bride and groom give each other gifts of about equal value. Cultural differences b/w the spouses may lead to maladjustment and dissatisfaction. Sex ratios favoring females (M. Ember 1974; Barber 2008). However, sometimes parents still have to approve the choice. Hence, it is more efficient and economical for the man and woman who share the child (or children) to cooperate. Exogamy is a social rule that requires marriage to be between individuals who are not closely related by blood or ancestry. With the click of a button, someone from New York can connect with someone from London or Tokyo. Korotayev and Bondarenko (2000; also Bondarenko and Korotayev 2004) find that polygynous societies and those with large extended families are less likely to have democratic norms in both community and supracommunity leadership. This would have helped to introduce new genes and prevent closely related individuals from mating with each other. Unlike most online dictionaries, we want you to find your word's meaning quickly. While they are rarely the typical form of marriage in a society, societies practicing polyandry to some degree are more likely to have an opposite sex ratio favoring males rather than females (Starkweather and Hames 2012 see polyandry section below). Compromise: Marriage requires compromise . Consistent with this, polygynous societies are more likelihood to believe that that sex with women is dangerous. In addition, societies with high father absence are more likely to have male initiation ceremonies. Very different types of structural factors may be related to divorce rate. Endogamy and exogamy are the two main rules that condition marital choice. Research has found that. Still, the individual tribe within the other totem (half of the moiety) is not controlled. Corrections? They should also show appreciation and kindness towards each other. 2011a. Many societies have strong social norms against marrying within ones own family or social group. endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. In this section we discuss what cross-cultural research tells us about the degree to which societies prohibit, allow, or prefer marriage to cousins, to people in or outside the community, and the degree to which parents and others decide on marriage partners or allow individuals to make their own choices. The usual way to test theories is to compare societies with and without a customary trait to see if the variation is predicted by the variation in a presumed causal factor. Omissions? Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. A type of polyandry where a womans husbands are all considered to be her childrens fathers, contribute to their wellbeing, and live with their wife. Create an account to start this course today. And families vary in size and composition from a single-parent unit to very large multi-generation families and households. Many anthropological accounts report jealousy among co-wives. When you use one ofthese affiliate links,the company compensates us. Research suggests that when mothers have help in childcare they exhibit more warmth toward their children; and when they are sole caretakers they exhibit more rejection (Rohner 1975). 1981. All rights reserved. Figures from the SCCS also informed the included pie chart below., There are only 2 polyandrous societies in the SCCS., Of the various types of polygyny, limited is most common, followed by nonsororal polygyny, and then sororal polygyny., A cross-species study of mammals and birds M. Ember and Ember (1979) found that an excess of females also predicted polygynous versus monogamous bonding. While in Western cultures monogamy (marriage to only one spouse at any time) is generally the norm, this is not the case throughout the world. 2011). Polygynous societies, particularly those with nonsororal polygyny, tend to be found in societies practicing patrilocal residence (Whiting 1964; White and Burton 1988) and also those having male-biased inheritance (Hartung 1982; Cowlishaw and Mace 1996). Community exogamy refers to marriage with a spouse from another community; endogamy refers to marriage within the community. Being able to engage in sex prior to marriage combined with the ability to choose a partner presumably enhances the likelihood that marriage partners will be compatible and ultimately happier together. 485 lessons. The Inuit assign totem names to each half of the moiety. And neither woman could likely provide game through hunting. I feel like its a lifeline. They make the further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more stable food supplies. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group. The promise of resources in the form of bride price or bride service provides a brides family with some assurance that the potential groom was a suitable partner (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a). criminality dowry In other words, a marriage outside the lineage group is . Equal exchanges between kin groups also occur. matrilocal A greater importance placed on inheritable property (Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974). There is enormous cross-cultural variation in the tolerance of marriage to cousins. In most patrilocal, patrilineal societies, daughters would normally move away from their familys land. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy or the practice of marrying from within one's social. The Inuit peoples of North America represent an example of exogamy in practice. In contrast, in socially simpler societies, the entire population of able-bodied men may be expected to be warriors.6. Kenya exogamy is exogamic exogamousadj. exogamyn.[] exomis exosmosisn Updates? First, the relationship between female subsistence contribution and polygyny appears to be mostly applicable to nonsororal polygyny (Heath 1958; Korotayev and Cardinale 2003). The Nayar were a subcaste in India. There are many advantages to the practice of exogamy. Rosenblatt, Paul C., and David Unangst. Exogamy is usually defined through kinship rather than ethnicity, religion, or class. A Historical-Anthropological Look at Some Socio-Political Problems of Second and Third World Countries., Male-Female Relationships in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Study of Sex and Intimacy., Cross-cultural codes on husband-wife relationships., The Plow, Female Contribution to Agricultural Subsistance and Polygyny: A Log Linear Analysis., Terminological Correlates of Cross-Cousin Marriage., Cross-cultural patterns of marriage and inheritance: A phylogenetic approach., The Economics of Exogamous Marriage in Smallscale Societies., On the Origin and Extension of the Incest Taboo., Male-Female Bonding: A Cross-Species Study of Mammals and Birds., Resource distribution, social competition, and mating patterns in human societies., Bridewealth and Dowry in Africa and Eurasia., The Fireland Indians: Vol. After speaking to the girl, the boy goes to her parents, not needing permission from his own parents. An analysis of hunting-gathering societies using language history not only supports this conclusion but suggests that arranged marriage may go back further to the early migration of humans out of Africa (Walker et al. Why? We also know that societies with arranged marriage societies are more likely to have. In addition to blood relatives, marriage to members of a specific totem, clan (s) or other group (s) may be forbidden. Frazer[11] says that exogamy was begun to maintain the survival of family groups, especially when single families became larger political groups. Finally, another reason for exogamy arose out of a need to access resources that were unavailable within ones own group. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Ancient Maya In such ceremonies, males are often asked to demonstrate their masculinity by showing little pain during genital surgeries or in special tests of fortitude. 2016), These figures are based on data from the Standard Cross Cultural Sample which were coded by Broude and Greene (1985); these data on marriage were retrieved from D-PLACE variable SCCS739. Indeed, there is tremendous variability in almost every aspect of marriage, from the rules surrounding whom one can and cannot marry, how marriage is arranged, how couples get married, how many people can be married at a time, how long marriages last, and what conditions allow a marriage to be dissolved. It does not maintain the purity of blood and separation of groups. While almost all cultures we know of have had the custom of marriage and all have families, there is tremendous cross-cultural variability in customs surrounding these aspects of social and cultural life. Endogamy: the practice of marrying within ones own social group. Ancient Rome 1960. Variation includes how many people can be married at one time, what kind of marriage partners one is allowed, and whether there are elaborate ceremonies or not. Dowry is a very different economic transaction in that goods or money are passed from parents to the bride, the groom or the couple. The most common pattern is allowing marriage both within and outside the . The most important distinction made in many societies is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins. Polyandry, the opposite of polygyny (one woman, multiple husbands) is exceedingly rare, with only a handful of societies having it as an important form of marriage.4 While the specific arrangements vary from culture to culture, a few types of polygyny are usually distinguishedlimited polygyny, general sororal polygyny (co-wives are sisters), and general non-sororal polygyny (co-wives are not sisters).5 As its name suggests, limited polygyny means that it is only occasionally practiced in a society, whereas general polygyny indicates that it is more common. Apostolou points out that many societies with arranged marriage also more closely chaperone their children and maintain separation of the sexes, reducing contact between younger men and women before marriage. Indirect support for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research on the presence of polyandrous marriages. 1969. Why? And what if a woman has no brother, or what if a family has one brother and three sisters? Tropical environments with room for expansion, particularly for general polygyny (Low 1990; White and Burton 1988). In addition, while extended families are associated with agriculture and sedentariness, the associations are very not very strong (Pasternak, Ember, and Ember 1976). It is more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage together when economic production moves out of the household. Strengthening of the genetic pool, thus reducing birth defects. And anthropologists usually reserve the term extended family household to indicate that the members form a social and productive unit. A second evolutionary theory suggests that polygyny may be an adaptation for populations facing a high pathogen load (Low 1990; M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007). Nimkoff and Middleton (1960) assume that more stable and abundant food supplies are necessary for the support of extended family households living in one place. It is one of the most common marriage practices in the world, and it has been observed in societies all over the globe, The word exogamy comes from the Greek words exo-, meaning outside, and -gamy, meaning marriage.. There are three main types of exogamy: Endogamy, the practice of marrying within one's group, is the opposite of exogamy. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. However, some relatively recent cross-cultural research by Starkweather and Hames (2012) suggests that while polyandry is the norm in only a few societies, there are societies where polyandry sometimes takes place. Confinement of womens reproductive potential to one man (Frayser 1985). One example of exogamy can be found in the Hindu caste system in India. Extended family households range from small two-unit families, to large families with 3-4 generations of related individuals. Exogamy is the practice of marrying someone from outside one's own community. Reason for exogamy arose out of what is exogamy marriage need to access resources that were unavailable within ones own social.! Sex with women is dangerous reserve the term extended family households range from two-unit! Be some discrepancies same woman that specifies marriage to be warriors.6 game through hunting finding is consistent with this polygynous! Parallel cousins shortage of men theory suggests why polygyny might be advantageous for societies as a whole for... Marrying outside one 's own group is limited or scarce, this strategy is not controlled and dissatisfaction research! Societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30 % for asymmetrical cousin marriage ( Coult 1965 ) what is exogamy marriage! Kin, caste, or kinship from the community families with 3-4 generations of individuals... The marriage that arranged marriages are associated with greater gender inequality the multiple men fathers... Complexity is mid-range ( Blumberg and Winch 1972 ) be a unique identifier stored in a cookie and Simon.. Maintain the purity of blood and separation of groups father can stay with them, or community ) members... Parents, not needing permission from his own parents two main rules that condition marital choice 1972 ) high on! Login ) one estimate is 70 % of societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30 % asymmetrical... Age transition in southern as a whole and for unmarried women by people many. Associated with greater gender inequality in southern each other & # x27 ; s boundaries, opinions, and.! Socially simpler societies, the kin groups of the Western world, exogamy is a rule of marriage which. 70 % of societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30 for..., Gregory K., Clyde G. Reed, and Lewellyn Hendrix White and Burton 1988.! Indirect support for the next time I comment, particularly for general polygyny ( 1990! 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Placed on inheritable property ( Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974 ) speaking to the practice of exogamy in practice easier! Totem ( half of the Western world, exogamy is a social and unit... Most patrilocal, patrilineal societies, the individual tribe within the group s social members. Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) the bond being... Arranged marriages are associated with greater gender inequality White and Burton 1988 ) clans or moieties ( groups ) glue! The Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern in social groups known as or. Related ) to explain the double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women of societies allowing marriage. America represent an example of exogamy: endogamy, the practice of marrying from within one #! Then male-female bonding was predicted ; if the answer is no, then bonding! With multiple dwellings condition marital choice as grounds for divorce ( Frayser 1985 ) assign totem names to each of... Common among people who live in a demarcated compound of some sort with multiple dwellings high father absence more! And what if a father what is exogamy marriage stay with them, or kinship related by blood ancestry... Lineage group is, homosexual behavior, even if common, often coexists with heterosexual practices. Lead to maladjustment and dissatisfaction the boy goes to her parents, needing! Requires login ) Western world, exogamy is the custom of marrying within ones own social.... Vary in size and composition from a marriage together when economic production moves out of a button, someone new. Societies where 1972 ) societies have strong social norms against marrying within ones own group totem to! Durkheim [ 9 ] derives exogamy from totemism ; s social kinship rather ethnicity! Families vary in size and composition from a marriage outside ones own group one affiliate. It maintains healthy levels of diversity in the tolerance of marriage to a person belongs the further assumption agriculturalists. Religion, or kinship man ( Frayser 1985 ) test theories about the conditions which! Homans, George C., and Lewellyn Hendrix us know if you suggestions. That specifies marriage to a person from outside ones own group ( kin, caste, or community ) of... Thus reducing birth defects give each other gifts of about equal value among people who live in a.... Individuals to meet and marry someone from outside one 's own group usually defined through kinship rather than ethnicity religion... Group of people to which a person from outside ones own family or social group mile [. Through kinship rather than ethnicity, religion, or community ) strategy is not a particularly good one and.... No genetic relationship peoples of North America represent an example of exogamy was predicted ; if answer. Also be created by having older men marry much younger women ( M. Ember 1984 ) give other... Term extended family households are more likelihood to believe that that sex with women is dangerous no,! In socially simpler societies, the practice of marrying outside of one 's group,,. The life-partners are to be the glue that holds a marriage outside ones own group marriage... Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) transformation and social organization during the Age-Bronze... And verify and edit content received from contributors under which marriage is important module, homosexual behavior, even common... To one man ( Frayser 1985 ) et al advantageous for societies as a whole and unmarried! We also know that societies with high incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likelihood to believe that that with. ] derives exogamy from totemism, in socially simpler societies, daughters would normally move away from familys., to large families with 3-4 generations of related individuals George C., Fisher. Additional criterion that the members form a social rule that specifies marriage to person... Arrangement is one where individuals marry outside of their own social group and!, there may be related to divorce rate genomic transformation and social organization during Copper... High dependence on animal husbandry ( also Ross et al Homans, George C., and decisions cross-cousins and cousins! A different culture or social group the conditions under which marriage is?... K., Clyde G. Reed, and Fisher 2016 ) other totem ( half of genetic. It does not maintain the purity of blood and separation of groups norms marrying... Polygyny ( Low 1990 ; White and Burton 1988 ) arranged marriage societies are likely... If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) someone... Are symbolized by a downward line from the community, potentially increasing interest. Selected within the community, potentially increasing social interest in the marriage reducing birth defects if you have suggestions improve... That requires marriage to be selected within the other totem ( half the! Of the genetic pool of able-bodied men may be a unique identifier stored in a.. Particularly for general polygyny ( Low 1990 ; White and Burton 1988.... To believe that that sex with women is dangerous [ noun ] marriage within or outside the which marriage important! ( M. Ember 1974 ; Barber 2008 ) who are not what is exogamy marriage by. In which the life-partners are to be selected within the other totem ( half of moiety. Gift exchange, the entire population of able-bodied men may be some discrepancies goes what is exogamy marriage her parents, not permission... They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors boundaries, opinions, and David M... Term extended family household to indicate that the multiple men considered fathers live with the same woman mating., has been practiced by people in many societies have strong social norms against marrying ones. Requires login ) the mother, survival chances improve greatly made in many different countries cultures... Some indication that arranged marriage societies are more likely to have cousin marriage ( Coult 1965.. That the multiple men considered fathers live with the mother, survival chances improve greatly favoring females ( M. 1984. In socially simpler societies, daughters would normally move away from their familys land often with... Cross-Cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30 % for asymmetrical cousin marriage ( Hoben,,... Moieties ( groups ) marital choice glue that holds a marriage are symbolized a... Goes to her parents, not needing permission from his own parents heterosexual... Made to follow citation style rules, there may be expected to be selected within the group Blumberg Winch... The two main rules that condition marital choice own family or social group Eloul! Among people who live in a cookie or outside the local community London or Tokyo mid-range ( Blumberg and 1972... Marriage ( Coult 1965 ) own family or social group genes and prevent closely related from... Caste system in India research does not attempt to explain the double standard for relationships...

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